Electronic communication and its impacts on the organizatio Research Paper

Electronic correspondence and its effects on the organizatio - Research Paper Example All things considered, the paper will talk about issues identified with electronic correspondence, by characterizing it, contrasting it with conventional types of correspondence, examining its effect on the work environment, and its effect on the client and association relationship. The meaning of the electronic correspondence avoids the wire and oral correspondence as it is characterized in the Tile III, from correspondence GPS beacons, paging gadgets, and electronic finances move data, which is put away by budgetary foundations in their interchanges framework. Along these lines, electronic correspondence is characterized in various ways relying upon the methods of data dispersal, the motivation behind the data passed on, and the data in question. For this situation, the paper has given a broad meaning of electronic correspondence, which has been gotten from the State Acts concerning correspondence. Contrasts between Electronic Communication and the Traditional Communication One of the conventional types of correspondence is up close and personal, and it is a most favored type of replacement. The principle distinction between the electronic correspondence and this type of customary correspondence identifies with support of individual association. For this situation, eye to eye correspondence encourages upkeep of individual association for the gatherings included contrasted with correspondence by means of text informing and messages. For instance, individuals lean toward holding an eye to eye meeting with different individuals from the board as opposed to making a telephone call for examining same issues (Walther, Loh, and Granka 36). Indeed, electronic correspondence denies the gatherings an opportunity to see each other’s facial impressions, which are exceptionally relevant angles during the time spent correspondence. The other contrast between conventional correspondence and electronic correspondence identifies with the method of cooperation since eac h structure decides if the gathering will occur in a solitary area or through live connection over the Internet by utilization of innovation. Electronic correspondence includes innovation that permit individuals to interface from different areas, along these lines making the capacity of getting along with associates, chiefs, and clients through a group assembling that encourages accomplishment of authoritative destinations. Then again, in customary correspondence, a gathering must be held in a specific area and the gatherings included must be in a similar area at a period for the gathering to happen. Moreover, customary correspondence including the utilization of phone permits verbal association, giving non-verbal prompts, which depend on the tone of the voice, delays and varieties. In electronic correspondence, there are devices, for example, Skype, which offer online telephone association that incorporates pictures and video, in contrast to the conventional correspondence. Effects of E-Communication on the Work Place Communication Electronic correspondence has made a critical commitment to work environment joint effort, development of globalization and circulation of work colleagues during the twentieth century. This is fundamental for sharing of data and correspondence identified with different undertakings through the Internet, email, web based life and virtual group rooms, which are applied as the apparatuses of electronic working environment collabo

Professional Regulation and Criminal Liability Paper Essay

Proficient Regulation and Criminal Liability Paper - Essay Example The individual applying for new permit ought not be under 21 years old, ought to be of fearless and great character, and ought to have sound physical and mental ability. On the off chance that the candidate is a body corporate, and not an individual, the above principles will apply to the individuals from its overseeing body. The base measures in such manner are spread out by SBH (State Board of Health). The application will be made in the recommended structure and will be verified and ought to incorporate such points of interest, for example, sort of foundation, address, administrator of the establishment and such other data as is considered important by the Commissioner. On account of Association, body corporate and so on; it must be marked by in any event 2 individuals from the administration relationship for approval. The Application for the new permit ought to be joined by Licensure Fees @ $10 per bed according to most extreme bed limit, which would incorporate bunks and adornme nts. The charges paid can't be discounted with the exception of on account of the permit order having been cannot, and regularly, a gave permit has legitimacy for one year. The rates for such licenses would be founded on its span, and would be charged based on entire unit US dollars. There are sure conditions administering the issue of licenses, and those are as per the following: As per the overarching laws accessible in Oklahoma, certain clinical occupations needn't bother with licenses. Administrations like body massagers, normal medicines and so on fall in this class. In any case, in such cases, the purchaser needs to give an endeavor that he has been completely educated about the idea of the pertinent realities concerning the professional. These are: the location of the center, the kind of treatment completed, the expert capabilities of the specialist, the way that he doesn't proclaim to hold declaration of clinical practice, and so on. It is the practitioner’s obligation to educate the purchaser with respect to any adjustments in it. On the off chance that there is any infringement under this provision, it can

Essay Topics For Fifth Grade - Great Ideas For Essay Topics

Essay Topics For Fifth Grade - Great Ideas For Essay TopicsHave you tried to research essay topics for fifth grade and failed? If so, you're not alone. More than two-thirds of parents and teachers alike admit that they are stumped by the task of coming up with essay topics for the topic and reading time requirements of your student's essay.The problem is that kids today have little interest in writing excellent essays. Research shows that during sixth grade, an average of one-third of students wrote or attempted to write a scholarly essay; by the time they enter high school, this rate falls to just under fifteen percent.The reasons for this decline are many. For starters, most students are embarrassed by their essays' literary and academic shortcomings. Some are embarrassed by the fact that they don't know how to start an essay by talking about why they're there.Another reason is that the state of writing in this country and the expectations of most kids are such that they expect a g reat paper from all grades. Students who are given essays to write are given them after a half-hour workshop in which they learn the information and facts they need to cover in order to be successful.But even if you do manage to stumble across some essay topics for fifth grade that would be able to help your child succeed, the truth is that you may find them inadequate for the academic standards of today's modern students. So what can you do?You can use the internet to search for essay topics for fifth grade that are still just as challenging but are easier to achieve, such as a story from history, a graphic novel, or a book excerpt. You could also try fiction for your children: A Tale of Two Cities or The Fault in Our Stars. And while there is nothing wrong with using fantasy novels or themes, it may be good to consider something more in line with today's young people.You can still use essay topics for fifth grade that are popular as well. This may mean using a recent celebrity, su ch as Katy Perry or Justin Bieber, as a focus for your essay. You could also use specific media themes, such as Star Wars or movie themes.Because there are so many available resources, there is no reason why you can't have your children understand the concepts they need to master in order to write an essay successfully. No matter what essay topics for fifth grade your child needs, it's worth a try.

Conspiracy Theory of John F. Kennedy´s Assassination

On November 22, 1963 President John Fitzgerald Kennedy arrived in Dallas to an excited crowd of people lining the streets hoping to get a glimpse of the President. At 12:30 in the afternoon, the President’s car made the last, fatal turn. As the car turned left onto Elm Street, past the Texas School Block Depository and headed down the slope that leads through Dealey Plaza, Governor Connally’s wife said, â€Å"Mr. President, You can’t say that Dallas doesn’t love you† (Report of the Presidents Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy 48). Immediately after that, John Fitzgerald Kennedy, the thirty-fifth President of the United States was shot once in the neck and again in the head (Report of the Presidents Commission on the†¦show more content†¦This not only exposed President Kennedy to the sniping position of assassin Lee Harvey Oswald, positioned at the book depository, but also exposed the President to the grassy knoll and the Dal-Tex building, the two other locations eye witnesses suspected of hearing shots fired. Turning onto Elm Street â€Å"also caused the drivers to slow down to an estimated 10 miles per hour† (Groden 10). The Secret Service had to have approved the unexplained changes (Garrison 118). As thousands of individuals heard the shots and witnessed the death of President Kennedy, a few key individuals were composed enough to provide crucial information regarding the horrific act. There were many photographers and individuals videotaping in the Dealey Plaza who captured one of the most devastating moments in United States history. Abraham Zapruder shot the â€Å"Zapruder film,† perhaps the most famous film from November 22, 1963 (Groden 20). Zapruder’s film is a relentless â€Å"clock† of the assassination. It not only gives a visual record of the reactions to the gunshots, but also represents a device to verify the timing between the shots fired, which occurred in an incredibly short time span, less than nine seconds (Groden 21). Video evidence from Zapruder and many others indicates that policemen and Secret Service agents on the scene did not turn towards the book depository when hearing the shots, but towards the grassy knoll. â€Å"More than 80 percent of eye witnesses interviewed were drawnShow MoreRelatedThe Assassination Of John F. Kennedy1626 Words   |  7 PagesThe Assassination of John F. Kennedy John F. Kennedy, the 35th President of the United States, was assassinated on November 22, 1963 at 12:30 p.m Central Standard Time in Dallas, Texas while riding in a motorcade in Dealey Plaza.[1] Kennedy was fatally shot by Lee Harvey Oswald while he was riding with his wife, Jacqueline, Texas Governor John Connally, and Connally s wife, Nellie, in a presidential motorcade. A ten-month investigation by the Warren Commission from November 1963 to September 1964Read MoreAssassination Of John F. Kennedy1002 Words   |  5 PagesThe Assassination of John F. Kennedy â€Å"Our most basic common link is that we all inhabit this planet. We all breathe the same air. We all cherish our children’s future. And we are all mortal.† President Kennedy stated in his commencement speech at American University on June 10, 1963. John F. Kennedy was an American politician who served as the 35th President of the United States from January 1961 to his assassination in November 1963. There are numerous conspiracy theories involving Kennedy’s assassinationRead MoreJohn F. Kennedy s Assassination1739 Words   |  7 Pages John F Kennedy grew up in a wealthy and very political family. His assassination was a shock to many. It was a time of Cold War and the peak of US involvement in Vietnam. It is important to understand the John F. Kennedy regime including both its national and foreign policy. You also need to look into his personal life. This would help to create motives, and find the primary aspect to consider when looking into any homicide, a ssassination or murder. He was the first president who was a Boy ScoutRead MoreThe Kennedy Assasination Mysteries Essay1401 Words   |  6 PagesThe Kennedy Assasination Mysteries The Kennedy assassination was a huge part of the 1960s. It still is today due to the lack of information. This lack of information has caused the real truth to become hazy. There are numerous books, web sites, and reports that are filled with stories of conspiracy and lies that were supposedly involved in the Kennedy assassination. This is one of those papers. However, this paper is committed to the research of the truth. The truth being that Lee HarveyRead MoreJfk, An American Thriller Directed By Oliver Stone1349 Words   |  6 Pagesshooting of President John F. Kennedy and the ensuing cover-up perceived through the eyes of former New Orleans District Attorney, Jim Garrison, who is played by renowned American actor, Kevin Costner. Some years following President Kennedy’s assassination, Jim Garrison filed charges against New Orleans entrepreneur Clay Shaw, who is played by actor Tommy Lee Jones. Clay Shaw was accused of allegedly conspiring against and contributing to a plo t to murder President John F. Kennedy, for which Lee HarveyRead MoreJohn F. Kennedy Assassination1618 Words   |  7 PagesJohn F. Kennedy Assassination Was John F. Kennedy’s assassination a single shooter or was it a conspiracy? Since November 22, 1963 people around the world have wondered who it was that shot President Kennedy, and what for. So many questions have formed around this event, not just about who the shooter was, but also questions like what might the world have been like today if the shooting didn’t happen? The Kennedy assassination has been a mystery for many years. A lot of people hear about the differentRead MoreThe Assassination Of Jfk Assassination Theory1385 Words   |  6 Pagesresearch essay is the JFK assassination theory. I would like to research this because I have seen documents and videos online and on television about the conspiracy but I have not done full research into it to see the facts. With the presidents of the United States they are able to make or break the country with their decisions, with that JFK was assassinated due to that and other reasons. I will be going into this research thinking that there is a conspiracy behind the assassination of JFK that it wasnRead MoreKennedy s Conspiracy Conundrum By John F. Kennedy1504 Words   |  7 PagesKennedy s Conspiracy Conundrum Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country. These few words are some of John F. Kennedy s most famous; they were given in his Inaugural Address on January 20, 1961. He would serve, as some say, the most difficult presidential term, enduring the Cuban Missile Crisis and the Bay of Pigs. He would also pass some of the most beneficial laws such as housing for the public, minimum wage policy, and social security. Unfortunately, hisRead MoreAssassination Of Jfk. In The Assassination Attempt On John1345 Words   |  6 PagesAssassination of JFK In the assassination attempt on John F. Kennedy, the 35th President of the United States of America, on 22 November 1963 in Dallas, Kennedy (1917-1963) was fatally shot by Lee Harvey Oswald. As a suspect, Lee Harvey Oswald (1939-1963) was arrested and killed two days later by the nightclub owner Jack Ruby (1911-1967) in police custody. Kenny s successor, Lyndon B. Johnson, the Warren Commission concluded that Oswald was the only culprit. A later convicted investigativeRead MoreWho Killed Jfk? The Kennedy Conspiracy?1047 Words   |  5 PagesKevin Myers Professor Vollaro ENC 1101 June 8, 2016 Reader Response Essay â€Å"Who Killed JFK? The Kennedy Conspiracy† In The Week’s article, â€Å"the CIA, aliens and the Illuminati, those shots are continuing to reverberate across the US.† I believe the John F. Kennedy’s assassination was an inside job, the only problem is they’re so many variables, and so much controversy in that particular fragment of history; Politics, The Mafia, The Soviet Union, Possibly the CIA, our own government could all have

Carl Gustav s Influence On Personality Theory - 1811 Words

Why do we dream? Why do we dream about certain things? These are just some of the questions that Carl Gustav Jung sought to answer throughout his lifetime. Like Sigmund Freud, he also developed theories to try to explain consciousness. Jung also sought to try to explain people’s personalities. His personality theory would go on to shape how we describe personalities to this very day. Jung could be described as a bit eccentric when it came to his work. It is strange in the fact that a lot of the analysis that he used to shape is theories were done on himself. However, his work is an amalgamation of influences from different academic fields. His work started as wanting to combine the scientific method with psychiatry, but would later in his†¦show more content†¦While he studied medicine at the University of Basel, his father developed cancer and died. This left Jung as the head of the family to take care of his mother and sister. He soon found out that the financial bur den that his family faced. He also was being pressured by extended family to drop his studies at the university, so that he could financially support his family. However, with the help of other family members, he as able to complete his education at the university. He would go on to meet the qualifications for physician job after f and half years. In his studies, he strayed away from physiology and focused on evolutionary theory and anatomy. In his own time, he studied the works of Kant, Eduard von Hartmann, and Nietzsche. Towards the end of his time at the university, he took and was fascinated by psychiatry classes. Frank McLynn writes, â€Å"Although psychology was then held in academic contempt as a subject for intellectual lesser breeds. Jung was intoxicated by the discovery of a discipline that united science and the humanities†¦ (1998)† To the surprise of many at the university, he decided to specialize in psychiatry (McLynn, 1998). Jung moved to Burghà ¶lzli, Zu rich. There he was a part of the staff at a hospital that specialized in the treatment of mental illness. While there he quickly rose in rank, and he wrote o a book about dementia praecox, which is today known as schizophrenia. He also at this time, started to publish papersShow MoreRelatedCarl Jung s Theory Of The Mind Challenged The Existing Dogma1533 Words   |  7 PagesCarl Gustav Jung II was a psychiatrist whose theories of the mind challenged the existing dogma. His works with human cognition, the basic structure of the psyche, and association experiments are widely known today in the form of the concepts of the introvert and the extrovert, psychological archetypes, and basic tests of word association. Although many basic principles of psychology today are based upon his original discoveries and theories, they were not conceived without external insight. SocialRead MoreThe Influences Of C. G. Jung1523 Words   |  7 PagesThe Influences of C. G. Jung Carl Gustav Jung II was a psychiatrist whose theories of the mind challenged the existing dogma. His works with human cognition, the basic structure of the psyche, and association experiments are widely known today in the form of the concepts of the introvert and the extrovert, psychological archetypes, and basic tests of word association. Although many basic principles of psychology today are based upon his original discoveries and theories, they were not conceivedRead MoreThe Theory Of Personality Psychology1019 Words   |  5 Pagesnot like you at all? It’s ironic how a person personality is shaped. Personality is included in basically everyday life. Personality defines a person. Personality is like a big stew mixed with emotions, behaviors, and patterns of thought that truly define a person. Personality Psychology is the study of these different patterns among a group of people or culture. The studies of psychology started from Hippocrates’ theory that argues tha t personality traits are based on four different sections. ThisRead MoreThe Mythology Of The Greek Mythology1438 Words   |  6 PagesNowadays people remember Ancient Greece somewhat, pieces here and there, taught briefly in your common high school global history class. What most people often forget is that the Ancient Greeks were and still are such a great influence towards our Western culture. Of course, they are not the only ones who have contributed to our knowledgeable society. Though, when it comes to the category of psychology I believe that the Ancient Greeks contributed the most, specifically with their mythology. A mythRead MoreThe Surface Represents The Consciousness Essay1029 Words   |  5 Pagespsychoanalysis is to make the unconscious conscious. His psychoanalytic theory of personality challenges that human conduct is the after effect of the associations among three segment parts of the brain which are the Id, ego and superego. This â€Å"structural theory† of personality has a large significance on how disagreements among the parts of the mind shape behaviour and personality. These disagreements are mostly unconscious. Human personality emerges as a composite of early adolescence encounters of whichRead MoreThe Mbti Assessment963 Words   |  4 PagesLeadership: The MBTI Assessment The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is a personality assessment that helps to assess one s psychological preferences based on a psychometric questionnaire. These preferences were extracted from the typological theories proposed by Carl Gustav Jung writings in his book Psychological Types . The MBTI focuses on normal populations and emphasizes the value of naturally occurring differences. [1] Also recognized commonly as a behavioral assessment tool, the MBTIRead MoreContemporary Education : Support The Learning Requirements Of Introverted And Introverted Students Equally3135 Words   |  13 Pagesunheard; their thoughts and solutions are rarely heard or mentioned. Their ideas are perceived as beta by comparison to the labeled leaders, and are therefore held with little regard or credibility. In efforts to organize and identify human personality types, Carl Jung was one of the first psychologists to bring attention to, and define the differences among introverts and extroverts. In the simplest terms, an extrovert can be thought of as one who thrives in an environment that focuses on externalRead More Carl Gustav Jung and the Buddhist Mandala Essay3657 Words   |  15 PagesCarl Gustav Jung and the Buddhist Mandala A one-time disciple of Sigmund Freuds, Carl Gustav Jung (1875-1961) is credited with contributing significantly to the burgeoning field of psychotherapy by formulating some of the first ideas regarding dream analysis, psychological complexes and archetypes (paradigmatic images or instinctive impulses to action). As part of his search for universal keys to the human psyche, Jung also studied and wrote numerous commentaries throughout his career on EasternRead MoreEssay on Theory of Analytical Psychology2821 Words   |  12 PagesRunning head: Theory of Analytical Psychology Research Paper PSYC 341 Carl Jung’s Theory of Analytical Psychology Psychology of Personality By A. M. Barnett January 17, 2006 Abstract Carl Gustav Jung was bone July 26, 1875 (Feist and Feist, 2002). He was blessed to be surrounded by an educated family, including clergymen. Carl Jung as a young man was a colleague of Freud. His life’s work was exploring the unconscious. Freud’s theory of the unconscious made the unconscious soundRead MoreEssay on Nature vs Nurture1052 Words   |  5 PagesNurture issue. Both nature and nurture determine who we are and neither is solely independent of the other. â€Å"As the area of a rectangle is determined by its length and its width, so do biology and experience together create us.†(Myers, 2008, p. 8) Carl Gustav Jung, and leading thinker and creator of analytical psychology, believes: â€Å"Human behavior is influenced both by individual experience and also by an innate â€Å"collective unconscious† that vests all of us with certain proclivities and tendencies.†(Hayes

Outlining Two Theories of Development Essay - 1288 Words

Theories of child development have been researched and published over the years. These researches have been done by popular theorists four of whom are Piaget (1896 –1980), Vygotsky (1896 –1934), Ausubel (1918 –2008) and Kohlberg (1927 –1987). First and foremost let me define the term theory. A theory is a collection of related statements; the principal function of which is to summarize and explain observations. It is in a sense an invention designed to make sense of what we know or suspect. Developmental theory on the other hand is a systematic statement of principles and generalizations that provides a coherent framework for understanding how and why people change as they grow older. The writer in her essay will outline two theories of†¦show more content†¦Law and order, one sees a given social issue from the perspective of a fixed system of laws and beliefs. Social contract, Here, one is concerned that obligations be based on calculations of ove rall utility, what is really good for all. Universal Principles, what is right is following self chosen ethical principles based on judgments that are universal, irreversible, and consistent. His theory holds that moral reasoning, which is the basis for ethical behavior, has six identifiable developmental constructive stages - each more adequate at responding to moral dilemmas than the last. In studying these, Kohlberg followed the development of moral judgment far beyond the ages originally studied earlier by Piaget, who also claimed that logic and morality develop through constructive stages. Expanding considerably upon this groundwork, it was determined that the process of moral development was principally concerned with justice and that its development continued throughout the lifespan, even spawning dialogue of philosophical implications of such research. Kohlberg studied moral reasoning by presenting subjects with moral dilemmas. He would then categorize and classify the reasoning used in the responses into one of six distinct stages, grouped into three levels: pre-conventional, conventionalShow MoreRelatedThe Creation Of The Presidency1323 Words   |  6 PagesThe Creation of the Presidency by Charles C. Thach is a historical analysis of the development of American Constitutional principles. The author begins by stating that the basis for American government is one that balances individual freedom and governmental strength. The moral foundations of American government are founded on the ideas of natural rights, government by contract, consent of the governed, and the right to revolt. However, the Revolutionary War at the time illuminated the need for aRead MoreEssay Kant vs. Mill: Human Rights and Utilitarianism1729 Words   |  7 Pageshave been shaped by several factors, including philosophical theories in the past. This paper looks at the theories of two philosophers, Emmanuel Kant and John Stuart Mills, and how their teachings can be used to explain the sources of human rights. Kant’s moral philosophy is very direct in its justification of human rights, especially the ideals of moral autonomy and equality as applied to rational h uman beings. John Stuart Mills’ theory of utilitarianism also forms a solid basis for human rightsRead MoreThe Theory Of The Workplace Planning Essay794 Words   |  4 Pagesadvancement. Workplace planning should be used for organizational growth, and employee growth should be adjusted after quarterly reviews (Hassanain, 2010). Faith Evangelistic Assembly of God should employ two different strategies to recruit in order to fill vacancies. They should use internal recruitment, and external recruitment. First, the church can evaluate people within the organization who expressed a desire to move up in the organization. If these positions are not filled, the church canRead MoreIndustrialization Of The Industrial Revolution1214 Words   |  5 PagesIndustrial Revolution). The industrial revolution sparked the development of capitalist economies and as a consequence a division of labour was formed. Therefore the capitalist system is seen as a natural consequence of the industrial revolution. The industrial revolution was a period in which societies became industrial due to there being an increase in new manufacturing processes which transitioned from hand production methods to the development of machines and the rise of the factory system. The processRead MoreReview of the Objective of Norm in American by Micha el Schudson907 Words   |  4 Pagesimpersonality and non-partisanship in news content. Differencing from some scholars’ opinions that economic and technological change enhances the ethic of objective, Schudson thinks four conditions encourage the articulation of norms. Two of them are Durkheimian, the other two are Weberian. One of the Durkheimian conditions thinks the emergence of norm is to achieve horizontal solidarity, another Durkheimian condition find the norm is used to identify the group from other groups. Both Durkheimian conditionsRead MoreThe Riddle os the Fourth Gospel by Poul Anderson746 Words   |  3 Pagesfamiliarity with the points of contention a requisite for engaging, addressing, and interpreting them. Chapter one exposes the central features of the Fourth Gospel; which effectively reveals the dissimilarities between John and the Synoptic Gospels. Chapter two uncovers the theological riddles of the Fourth Gospel, both â€Å"incidental† and  "highly significant.† For the twelve theological riddles presented in chapter 2, Anderson conveys the work of Johannine scholarship as well as presents his own incisive exegesisRead MoreEthnic Identity And Cultural Identity1204 Words   |  5 Pagesdifficult to clearly discern and delineate. As a social construct, it is an umbrella term that mark a group affiliation to a common origin, culture, religion, or geography; it consists of shared traditions, behaviors, values and beliefs. (Waters, 1990) Outlining the elements and components of ethnic identity, Phinney and Ong (2007) stress its multidimensionality and dynamism, it encompasses several cultural, linguistic, behavioral features as well as being developmental and involving a shifting process.Read MoreStarbucks s Organizational Culture And Its Impact On Organizational Success1210 Words   |  5 Pages which inherently favorably impacts overall financial performance. Cultivating an organization wide model for corporate cu lture, Starbucks set in motion development objectives. These objectives ultimately defined the desired culture around customer satisfaction, next positioned the company to create a viable â€Å"culture management plan† outlining the companies core values. This culture management plan would support key dimensions, such as the treatment of customers and delivery of services (FlamholtzRead MoreHow Athletics Have Become An Important Social Context Of Adolescence And Growing Up1071 Words   |  5 Pagespeers. Another study by Sheridan, Coffee Lavallee (2014), reported increased levels of development in athletes who experienced support and positive criticism from their parents as well as coaches. This suggests that there is a relationship between an athlete’s development and their athletic involvement; it still does not answer the question of whether the team atmosphere is also responsible for increased development. College is a new and exciting time period in an individual’s life. While this experienceRead Moreâ€Å"Compare and Contrast the Different Ways the Person-Centred and Cognitive- Behavioural Approaches to Counselling Understand and Make Use of the Counselling Relationship†1559 Words   |  7 Pagescounselling by outlining both the theory and practice of the counselling relationship. This will be done by outlining the theory of the counselling relationships and the theory in practice. Both person-centred and cognitive-behavioural counselling are widely recognised, successful treatments. There are however many significant differences between the two. Cognitive-behavioural therapy is based on scientific study taking two therapies, cognitive therapy and behavioural therapy, and combining the two. Behavioural

Employee Engagement for Semi-Annual Growth Rate - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theEmployee Engagement for Semi-Annual Growth Rate. Answer: Stewardship or the organisational supervision is crucial to ensuring employee engagement. In case supervisors lead businesses fostering a team of energized and committed employees, they contribute towards an engaged workforce. The actions and the method of management of the supervisor of a team has a huge impact on the employee engagement. The mangers who are not able to engage their employees by the creation of the best relations with them can help extracting the best of talent. Employees working under best leaders are bound to be motivate and work towards the success of their organisation (Menguc et al., 2013). The three most important contributions to the employee loyalty comprise that of telling truth to all employees, recognising the employee contributions and allowing them to feel accepted. In case the employees are respected with degrees of transparency they feel that they are a part of the bigger picture. The employees remain loyal in case they are informed at least about the quarterly or semi-annual growth rate of business. Recognition from supervisors or seniors helps in a meaningful and engaging difference in employee morale. Employees should also feel accepted and valued for them to remain loyal to the organisation (Sageer, Rafat, Agarwal, 2012). It once happened in my organization that the manager of my team was extremely partial towards one or two employees and gave them all the best opportunities for growth and success. On the other hand he made a conscious effort to stop other from prospering. After a few of us highlighted this matter with evidence to the management, he was replaced by a new and just leader and the problems arising due to his favoritism ended. References and Bibliography: Menguc, B., Auh, S., Fisher, M., Haddad, A. (2013). To be engaged or not to be engaged: The antecedents and consequences of service employee engagement.Journal of business research,66(11), 2163-2170. Sageer, A., Rafat, S., Agarwal, P. (2012). Identification of variables affecting employee satisfaction and their impact on the organization.IOSR Journal of business and management,5(1), 32-39. Schullery, N. M. (2013). Workplace engagement and generational differences in values.Business Communication Quarterly,76(2), 252-265.

Media Economics Global Marketplace Essay Example

Media Economics Global Marketplace Essay Media Economics amp; Global Marketplace Common structures Monopoly a single firm dominates production and distribution, either nationally or locally. Eg: a city with one newspaper or tv station. More prevalent at the local level. Oligopoly just a few firms dominate the industry. e. g. film industryfilm studios. Limited competition aka monopolistic competition a media market with many producers and sellers but only a few differentiable products within a category. For example, radio stations: there are various independently owned radio channels in India; however, most of these stations feature a limited number of formats, such as latest Bollywood songs, oldies, gags and similar content. Revenue Generation Direct payment media products supported primarily by consumers who pay directly for the product. Consumers communicate their preferences immediately Indirect payment media products supported primarily by advertisers, who pay for the quantity or quality of audience members that a particular medium delivers. The client is the advertiser, not the end user. Media spend in India as a percent of GDP is 0. 41%, which is much lesser than the world’s average of 0. 80%. This indicates the potential for growth in spends as the industry in India matures. The overall Mamp;E industry size grew from Rs 579 billion in 2008 to Rs 587 billion at a rate of 1. 4% percent. The growth rate is expected to increase to 11. 2% in 2010, as the industry witnesses a recovery. TV and Print are the largest sectors of the industry contributing to greater than 70% of the revenues. We will write a custom essay sample on Media Economics Global Marketplace specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Media Economics Global Marketplace specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Media Economics Global Marketplace specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Traditionally, advertising revenues have had a strong hold in the Mamp;E industry, but increasingly, subscription revenues are becoming important with consumers paying for media services. The media business models in India are undergoing a change with audiences becoming more willing to pay for content and value added services. The growth in ticket prices of movies at multiplexes, increasing number of Pay TV subscribers, increasing penetration of DTH with its user-friendly interface and technology, and introduction of Value Added Services (VAS) by media players are some examples of pay markets gaining importance. Print Media The Indian Print Media grew only marginally in 2009 as a decline in advertisement revenues were offset by growth in circulation revenues. The regime of foreign investment in Indian entities publishing newspapers and periodicals is as follows: I. Foreign investment (including FDI) upto 74% in Indian entities publishing scientific/technical and speciality journals, where only Indian editions of foreign journals are being published with no foreign investment being made, the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting will give approvals on a case by case basis subject to prescribed conditions. II. FDI upto 26% in Indian entities publishing newspapers and periodicals dealing in news and current affairs with suitable safeguards like verification of antecedents of foreign investor, keeping editorial and management control in the hands of resident Indians and ensuring against dispersal of Indian equity. Television Sector in India In 2009, television industry stood at $5. 65 billion registering a growth of 6. 8%. The industry is projected to grow at a rate of 15. 5% and reach around $11. 45 billion by 2014. Growth of TV Channels in India: The number of private satellite TV channels grew from 1 TV channel in 2000 to 394 TV channels in 2009. Foreign Broadcasters: A number of foreign broadcasters are down linking their channels into India. A total of 67 TV channels, uplinked from abroad, have been permitted registration to be down linked in India during the years 2006-2009. Eg WB, Discovery, NatGeo etc. DTH Service: DD DIRECT+ is Indias first and only FTA Direct-To-Home (DTH) service being provided by Prasar Bharati (a public service broadcaster). Apart from Prasar Bharati, Dish TV India Ltd. Tata Sky Ltd, and Sun Direct TV Pvt. Ltd. , Reliance Big TV Pvt. Ltd. , Bharti Telemedia Ltd and Bharat Business Channel Ltd have also been granted license for operating DTH services. Eligibility Conditions: Total foreign equity holding, including FDI/ NRI/ OCB/ FII, in the applicant company not to exceed 49%, and within the foreign equity, the FDI component not to exceed 20%. It also provides that th e applicant company must have Indian management control with the majority representatives on the board as well as the chief executive of the company being a resident Indian. Radio Sector In 2009, Indian radio industry stood at $171. 38 million and is expected to grow at a rate of 16% over 2010-14 and reach a size of $360. 32 million by 2014. FM Radio: In 2009, total 248 Channels are operational. Foreign investment is permitted up to 20% equity for FM Radios Broadcasting Services with prior approval of the Government. Satellite Radio: At present Worldspace India Private Ltd, a wholly owned subsidiary of Worldspace Asia Pvt. Ltd. Singapore is providing services under Foreign Investment Promotion Board (FIPB) approval. Community Radio: The policy on community radio was liberalized during the year 2008 to bring in the civil society and voluntary organizations working on not -for-profit basis under its ambit. Earlier only educational institutions were permitted to set up a community radio. Presently, 29 community radio stations are operational. Advertising and Films 100% FDI under the automatic route is allowed in Advertising sector. 00% FDI under the automatic route is allowed in Film Industry including film financing, production, distribution, exhibition, marketing, and associated activities related to film industry. Global Marketplace Global investments by Indian players in 2009 †¢ Reliance Big Pictures’ forayed into Hollywood through a joint venture with director Steven Spielberg with an initial funding of USD 825 million. †¢ Broadcasters in India like Zee, Sony, etc. have displayed global a mbitions. Colors was recently launched in the US and UK as Aapka Colors, and is planning to expand to Europe, South Africa and Canada in the coming months. There is interest in Indian content internationally, which goes beyond the Indian diaspora. E. g. Vir Sanghvis Asian Diary was one of the leading programmes in Asia† †¢ Network18 Group entering into a joint venture with Forbes, a leading US based publishing and media company, to launch business magazines in India. †¢ Slumdog Millionnaire: Combination of Bollywood and Hollywood Indicative investments in India by global film studios in 2009 †¢ Fox Star Studios produced the experimental ‘Quick Gun Murugan’. Karan Johars Dharma Productions and Shah Rukh Khans Red Chillies Entertainment also finalised an arrangement with the Murdoch-owned Fox studios mid last year for ‘My Name Is Khan’ †¢ Warner Brothers continued its tryst with Bollywood by producing the Akshay Kumar starrer ‘Chandni Chowk to China’. †¢ Carey Fitzgeralds High Point Media Group is collaborating with Pritish Nandy Communications for the latters first horror film ‘The Accident’. †¢ Channels like Star World Times Group Case Study The Times Group is the largest media conglomerate in India. It is headed by brothers Samir and Vineet Jain. The company has 11 publishing centers, 15 printing centers, 55 sales offices, Over 7000 employees, 5 dailies, 2 lead magazines, 29 niche magazines, 32 Radio Stations, 2 Television News Channels, 1 Television Life Style Channel and turnover in excess of USD 700 million. Print includes The Times of India, The Economic Times, Maharashtra Times, Navbharat Times, All Mirrors Times Infotainment Media Limited amp; Entertainment Network India Limited includes Radio Mirchi, 360 Degrees Events, Times Outdoors, Mirchi Movies Limited Filmed Entertainment. Producers of BEING CYRUS, VELLITHERAI TIL (Times Internet Limited) includes Indiatimes portal and Times of Money TV Channels include Times Now, ET Now, Zoom, Movies Now Times Business Solutions include TimesJobs, SimplyMarry, Magic Bricks, Yolist, Ads2Book, PeerPower World Wide Media (A magazine joint venture between BCCL and BBC magazines) include Filmfare, Filmfare Awards, Femina, Femina Miss India, Top Gear Magazine, Hello, BBC Good Homes, Femina Hindi, Grazia, What to Wear

An Explanation of the Truman Doctrine

An Explanation of the Truman Doctrine The Truman Doctrine was a key part of the Cold War, both in how this conflict of posturing and puppets began, and how it developed over the years. The doctrine was policy to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures, and announced on March 12th, 1947 by US President Harry Truman, making the doctrine US government policy for decades. The Start of the Truman Doctrine The doctrine was dreamed up in response to crises in Greece and Turkey, nations which Americans believed were in danger of falling into the Soviet sphere of influence. The US and the USSR had been in alliance during the Second World War, but this was to defeat a common enemy in the Germans and the Japanese. When the war ended and Stalin was left in control of Eastern Europe, which he had conquered and intended to subjugate, the US realized the world was left with two superpowers, and one was as bad as the Nazis they had just defeated and far stronger than before. Fear was mixed with paranoia and a little bit of guilt. A conflict was possible, depending on how both sides reacted... and they produced one. While there was no realistic way to free Eastern Europe from Soviet domination, Truman and the US wanted to stop any further countries falling within their control, and the presidents speech promised monetary aid and military advisors to Greece and Turkey to stop them buckling. However, the doctrine was not just aimed at these two, but expanded worldwide as part of the Cold War to cover assistance to all nations threatened by communism and the Soviet Union, involving the US with western Europe, Korea, and Vietnam among others. A major part of the doctrine was the policy of containment. The Truman Doctrine was developed in 1950 by NSC-68 (National Security Council Report 68) which assumed the Soviet Union was trying to spread its power across the whole world, decided that the US should stop this and advocated a more active, military, policy of containment, fully abandoning previous US doctrines like Isolationism. The resulting military budget rose from $13 billion in 1950 to $60 billion in 1951 as the US prepared for the struggle. Good or Bad? What did this mean, in practice? On the one hand, it meant the US involving themselves in every region of the world, and this has been described as a constant battle to keep freedom and democracy alive and well where they are threatened, just as Truman announced. On the other, it is becoming increasingly impossible to look at the Truman doctrine without noticing the terrible governments who were supported, and the highly questionable actions taken by the free west, in order to support opponents of the Soviets.

Women, Minority Ethnic Groups, and Transform Unions Essay - 1

Women, Minority Ethnic Groups, and Transform Unions - Essay Example Various steps have been taken by trade unions to ameliorate this imbalance in the form of making provision for the reserved seat for minority ethnic groups and women and by allowing for proportionate representation. Irrespective of the fact that such transformational steps have been adopted by the trade unions since the last few decades, the mindset of the trade unions still remains quiet patriarchal and majority oriented (Heery & Salmon, 2000). Now is the time for the trade unions to meditate on the impact of women and minority ethnic groups in the union culture and as to have these marginalized segments of the British workforce have contributed to and facilitated the revival and survival of the trade unions in the UK (Heery & Salmon, 2000). This article investigates the augmenting diversity in the British workforce and the biases being faced by the ethnic minority groups and women at the workplace. One purpose of the paper is to identify as to how these sidelined segments of the Br itish workforce tend to redress the workplace discrepancies by trying to transform the trade unions. The paper also looks into as to how the trade unions respond to the demand for change emanating from the ethnic minority groups and women. This paper is based on the available academic and online sources pertaining to the topic under consideration. Hence it is possible that it may leave untouched some facets of the concerns and expectations of the ethnic minority and female workers. Still, it will try its best to have an insight into the dynamics of trade unions with respect to members affiliated to the ethnic minority groups and women. In a broad context, diversity is universal in the sense that every individual tends to differ from other.  

Extra-Credit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Extra-Credit - Essay Example ls with information dissemination of the status of the water quality in the city as well as the different guiding rules in relation to water use and waste water management. This is of utmost importance since the most common issue being faced by the local government is the water contamination. Scientist and researchers in the city are constantly studying the flora and fauna of the water system. In addition, periodic water analyses are undertaken and posted on the city’s official online information site (Terre Haute Website). Based on the study undertaken regarding the effects of the metropolitan water use on the Wabash River through the quantitative analysis of fishes, it had been concluded that in 1998 there is relatively lower overall impact as compared to the 1983 data (Gammon 224). The City of Terre Haute Wastewater Utility is one of the most important establishments in Terre Haute with the main objective towards ecological and environmental preservation of the quality of the water ecosystem. The facility works through the wastewater treatment composed of collection, water treatment process and maintenance (Terre Haute

Time Travel Essay Example for Free

Time Travel Essay Most people are familiar with the idea of wormholes in space. Try to imagine the universe as a balloon. When you pick two spots on the balloon and push toward the center, you can make those two points meet with no space between them. To imply that idea was true for the universe would mean that two points far from each other could be traversed in one step. The normal immense distance between the earth and the moon, or even another galaxy could be skipped by taking a shortcut. Now imagine time as a ribbon with ripples. The same idea could be applied to time. What if you took the ribbon at the base of two ripples and joined it? The longer distance between those two points in time, now out in a loop, could be skipped by passing where the ribbon touches. There are a few problems though. When travelling through time, one can only travel forward. Travelling backward seems impossible because changing something would have an effect on your opinion back when you came from. That would change your motivation for going back in the first place, and you wouldnt make the change at all. For example, if you went back in time and successfully prevented the assassination of JFK then back when you came from JFK would have lived and your motivation would not exist. If JFK were alive, then you would never have the idea to go back in time to prevent his death. If you dont go back however, he would have died which would once more provide the motivation. Going backward ties the ribbon in knots; the action itself might be possible, but to do it would be to condemn yourself to a life in limbo while the rest of existence is living two lives.

Death in Auden’s Funeral Blues, Forche’s Memory of Elena, and Dickinson

Death Reflected in Auden’s Funeral Blues, Forche’s Memory of Elena, and Dickinson’s Last Night that She lived Death is a natural and inevitable part of life. Everyone will experience death, whether it is of a loved one or oneself. In W.H. Auden’s poem â€Å"Funeral Blues† (1003), he describes such a catastrophic event and the drastic effect that it has on his life. It is interesting how people choose to accept this permanent and expected event, death. Similarly, Emily Dickinson has written many poems about death, such as â€Å"The last Night that She lived† (843), which describes a family waiting for a woman or girl to die and the dreary and depressed mood that exists within the household. Mourning is considered a perfectly healthy reaction when someone who is deeply loved and cared about passes on, and this is illustrated in â€Å"The Memory of Elena† (1070-71) by Carolyn Forche. She writes about the events following a funeral and also flashes back to the actual moment that a wife has watched her husband die. W.H Auden’s â€Å"Funeral Blues,â⠂¬  Carolyn Forche’s â€Å"The Memory of Elena,† and Emily Dickinson’s â€Å"The last Night that She lived† are all poems which share death as their subject matter, but differ in the fact that they discuss death in a unique style with a variety of literary devices to make them more effective. Upon reading these poems, I could relate to each strongly on a personal level. Each poem expresses a different view of death and the different stages of acceptance and grieving. When I was younger, my grandmother passed away. I was quite fond of my grandmother and she and I had a close relationship. When she passed away, I was devastated and went through a series of phases and emotions, much like those descr... ...otions are expressed in the poems â€Å"Funeral Blues† by W.H. Auden, â€Å"The Memory of Elena† by Carolyn Forche, and â€Å"The last Night that She lived† by Emily Dickenson. Although each poet writes with his or her own literary techniques, such as rhyme scheme and hyperbole, symbolism and repetition, and dramatic pauses, they all have made the experience of death seem real and personal to the reader, and that is why their works are considered great works of modern, contemporary, and classical poetry. Works Cited Auden, W.H. â€Å"Funeral Blues.† Literature. 5th ed. Ed. Robert DiYanni. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2002. 1003. Dickinson, Emily. â€Å"The last Night that She lived.† Literature. 5th ed. Ed. Robert DiYanni. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2002. 843. Forche, Carolyn. â€Å"The Memory of Elena.† Literature. 5th ed. Ed. Robert DiYanni. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2002. 1070-71.

Tobacco Advertising Is Illegal but Alcohol Is Not

COMM 3P14 – Media Industries Tobacco Advertising is Illegal, but Advertising for Alcohol is not, Is This Hypocritical? Rebecca Stewart 4574927 Russell Johnston Seminar 3 November 11, 2012 Advertisements are a vital part of any company’s marketing strategy, and are used to inform or persuade an audience about a certain product or service. In fact, North American companies are among the world’s highest advertisers (Boone et al. , 2010, 502). Today, an average consumer is exposed to hundreds of advertisements every day.It is when these companies attempt to promote a dangerous product that restrictions must be, and have been put in place. For several years, Canada’s regulations on tobacco advertisements have become stricter, while alcohol advertisements are still permitted across multiple mediums. This leads one to question the difference between the two substances, and if this notion is in fact hypocritical. The stakeholders identified in this paper are the v iewers and listeners of the advertisements, specifically the youth audience.The principles involved with alcohol promotion are examined with a lens that incorporates the views of Horkheimer and Adorno’s perspective on advertising. Along with a brief history of tobacco advertising regulations, this paper will discuss the ethical issues involved in alcohol advertising, and evidence to support that alcoholic products are no less of a danger than tobacco, and should have the same advertising restrictions. There is also evidence to suggest that the majority of Canadians are in favour of tighter restrictions on alcohol advertising.The current hypocritical state of allowing alcohol to be advertised, but removing all tobacco related marketing is further discussed in detail. Literature Review Not only is advertising illegal for tobacco companies, retailers are now obligated to remove these products from sight. Cigarette companies are also no longer permitted to label their product as light or mild on the package (Pollay, 2004, 80). The first Canadian legislation successfully passed in favour of advertising regulations was the Tobacco Act of 1997 (Pollay, 2004, 80).Health Canada created provisions in this act such as, tobacco products must not be promoted, and all manufacturers must share information about the product’s emissions and health hazards arising from use of the product on the packaging (Health Canada, 2011). The intent of this act was to protect young people and others from being encouraged to try tobacco related products without being informed of the dangers to their health (Polley, 2004, 81). The belief was that tobacco ads were aimed at new smokers, and that companies were trying to attract young people towards their brand.This idea is plausible because in order to maintain a strong business over a long period of time, new users must be targeted. Further, there is evidence supporting the fact that current smokers are not likely to be converte d to another brand, making youth targeted advertisements more likely (Polley, 2004, 83). There was pressure to strengthen the advertising restrictions after countless health risks and deaths were attributed to smoking. â€Å"Smoking has been estimated to result in roughly 45,000 deaths annually and is a major cause of respiratory disease, cancer and circulatory disease† (Sen, 2009, 189).A study conducted by the American Journal of Public Health looked at 481 randomly selected tobacco retailers after the product display ban to understand the changes that resulted in tobacco promotion (Cohen et al. , 2011, 1879). Their study revealed that this ban successfully limited the exposure of tobacco products, and demonstrated the importance of a complete ban on retail tobacco displays (Cohen et al. , 2011, 1880). Clearly, limiting advertising exposure to hazardous products such as cigarettes truly limits consumer exposure, and thus promotes the idea of a healthy public.Since these ad r egulations have proved to be a success, it would likely have a very similar effect when applied to alcohol. Ethics is an essential consideration in the world of advertising. Marketers should make responsible decisions, and not just focus on generating profits, because it is legal. â€Å"Ads should address audiences not just as consumers who care about material interests but as citizens who care about social virtues and the public good† (Hove, 2009, 35). The idea of advertising alcoholic beverages is unethical.While there are mild restrictions in Canada regarding alcohol promotions, there is a demand for more. Some provinces run ads that promote responsible drinking, or the dangers of drinking and driving in an attempt to shed light on alcohol abuse (Boone, 2010, 525). However, these attempts do not cancel out the multitude of beer and liquor advertisements in today’s media. Some alcohol advertisements include the ideology that drinking a certain brand of beer will infl uence their social class, or improve their quality of life in some way. This is extremely controversial.An article from the South African Journal of Psychology notes, â€Å"there are no laws against [alcohol] advertisements; however, responsible corporate and professional action, would prevent the use of these advertisements from a social and moral standpoint† (Dubihela & Dubihela, 2011, 209). Clearly, an ethical dilemma is present. The Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission is one organization that has viewed alcohol advertisements critically. Since 1968 they have required broadcasters to report the number of alcohol related messages broadcasted annually (CRTC, 2011).The messages also must adhere to their Code for Broadcast of Alcoholic Beverages (CRTC, 2011). This code includes provisions to ensure promotions for alcoholic beverages do not encourage non-drinkers or young people to drink or purchase alcohol, imply a certain brand is superior because of a higher alcohol percentage, and that consumption of alcohol enhances enjoyment of an activity (CRTC 2011). These regulations are far more lenient compared to the restrictions on tobacco advertising.Advertising Standards Canada has now gained responsibility to review advertisements concerning alcohol to ensure they are in accordance with the CRTC’s code (Darling, 1996). Moreover, alcohol is just as dangerous to society as tobacco. Statistics Canada shows that alcohol use by drivers was a factor in nearly 30% of motor vehicle related deaths from 2003-2005 (Statistics Canada, 2011). Also, deaths from other alcohol related disorders such as cirrhosis of the liver accounted for over 1400 deaths in 2003 (Statistics Canada, 2009).The most relevant stakeholders in this issue, young people, are severely affected by alcohol use in Canada. In 2011, 13. 2% of Canadian youth ages 12 to 19 fell under the heavy drinker category, that is, consuming 5 or more drinks on one occasion at least o nce a month (Statistics Canada, 2011). Similarly, â€Å"the rate of persons accused of impaired driving offences was highest among young adults between the ages of 19 and 24† (Statistics Canada, 2011). Additionally, 28. 8% of Canadian students admitted to being driven by someone who was legally impaired (Statistics Canada, 2011).Many Canadians support the public opinion that seeks to enforce stricter regulations when it comes to alcohol products. A study from the Drug and Alcohol Review Journal reports that 50. 1% of Canadians agree with prohibiting alcohol advertising (Macdonald et al. , 2011, 653). Similarly, 47. 4% thought the current legal drinking age of nineteen should be increased, and 40. 1% believed taxes on alcoholic beverages should be raised (Macdonald et al. , 2011, 653). These kinds of changes would make alcohol less available or attractive to young adults.The CRTC’s report that outlines the framework for their advertising regulations states, â€Å"parti es argued that excessive alcohol consumption is as dangerous as smoking and, therefore, should be treated in the same way: the consumer should be warned of the dangers associated with abusive consumption† (Darling, 1996). Clearly, encouraging the sale of any product that can cause this kind of harm is morally irresponsible. Evidently, many Canadians believe alcohol is a dangerous substance that should not be easily accessible to young people. Establish an Interpretive ContextThis research is used to establish whether or not a bias exists. The death and disease rate caused by both alcohol and tobacco is examined to prove that hypocrisy is present. Harmful effects caused by the use of alcohol and tobacco is compared to uncover why this imbalance of advertising restriction is unjust. This is not to say that tobacco products should be reintroduced, but that both substances should be eliminated from media advertising altogether. Furthermore, the views of actual Canadians are consid ered because this fosters a public sphere and forms a widespread opinion on the issue.Also taken into account is the amount of time spent with media by Canadians and specifically young people. Statistics that outline hours spent watching television and surfing the web will be considered. The best outcome for this situation is to restrict alcohol advertisements based on the same grounds outlined in the Tobacco Act. Discussion After reviewing the available data, it is clear an unjust bias exists. The position of this discussion remains that alcohol should be eliminated from advertising for the same reasons tobacco is.Tobacco has been restricted from advertising based on major health concerns, and in an attempt to deter youth from smoking. These same properties are present, and even heightened, with alcohol. â€Å"Some parties, including government representatives, stated that anyone involved with the sale of alcoholic beverages should have the opportunity to advertise their productsà ¢â‚¬  (Darling, 1996). Since evidence categorizes both alcohol and tobacco as dangerous substances, both should be treated the same way with regards to advertising.Alcohol has proven to be even more dangerous than tobacco in some cases. The immediate effects are particularly alarming. Consumption of alcohol can alter one’s state of mind, causing negative health effects, accidents and addiction in some cases. The Canadian Public Health Association reports, â€Å"drinking too much alcohol in a short period of time can lead to poor judgment, impulsive behaviour and alcohol poisoning† (CPHA, 2008). Alcohol poisoning can contribute to long-term health problems and even death. Also of concern are the permanent consequences of long term drinking.Serious conditions such as, brain damage, certain cancers, cirrhosis of the liver, and sexual problems are attributed to alcohol abuse (CPHA, 2008). In addition to life threatening illnesses, withdrawal symptoms can also occur when h eavy drinkers suddenly stop consuming alcohol. These symptoms include but are not limited to insomnia, sweating, tremors, and convulsions (CPHA, 2008). Clearly the additive properties of alcohol are similar to tobacco, and should therefore be handled the same way in advertisement laws. Problems with mental health can also be found with alcohol abuse.According to the Canadian Community Health Survey, â€Å"fifteen percent of people who were alcohol-dependent have experienced major depressive episodes† (Tjekpema, 2004). Also, women who consume alcohol while pregnant are of grave concern. Regular alcohol intake during pregnancy can lead to miscarriages, low birth weight, and genital malformations in boys (Damgaard et al. , 2007, 272). â€Å"Children born to women who consume alcohol during pregnancy may exhibit a range of abnormalities and developmental deficits that together are termed fetal alcohol spectrum disorders† (Kobor & Weinberg, 2011, 29).These preventable defec ts are another reason why alcohol should be considered as dangerous as tobacco. Overall, the negative statistics for alcohol are no less alarming than they are for tobacco. In 2011, 10. 1% of 15 to 17 year olds considered themselves smokers (Statistics Canada 2011). This is substantially lower than the 13. 2% of Canadian youth who fall under the category of heavy drinkers, not to mention the 30% of motor vehicle accidents that are alcohol related. These contrasting statistics speak for themselves, and prove the hypocritical nature of only banning tobacco advertising.Alcohol brands use effective marketing strategies that specifically reach a youth audience, the main stakeholder in this issue. Since the ‘young market’ is attractive to advertisers, their ads frequently catch the eye of people aged 15 to 34 (Novak, 2004). Celebrity endorsements are one way marketers attempt to sell their product to young people. Dan Aykroyd, Zak Galifianakis, and Will Ferrell are just a few celebrities who have endorsed popular alcohol brands (Novak, 2004).These people are relevant to Canadian youth, and they may be inclined to purchase the same brand of alcohol as one of their favourite celebrities. Moreover, 20. 1% of males and females ages 18 to 22 claimed to watch 15 or more hours of television per week (Statistics Canada, 2007). This is a large portion of young people who are subject to the dozens of alcohol advertisements broadcast each day. Alcohol advertisements are not limited to radio and television broadcasting. Many brands are turning to the Internet and social media to promote their products. This is problematic.According to a 2009 survey by Statistics Canada, 82. 9% of Canadians ages 34 and younger claimed to use the Internet at lease once a day, and 86% of these users went online for social media purposes (Statistics Canada, 2009). The government should implement restrictions on encouraging the sale of alcohol to a youth audience. They act as a legitima te spokesperson because they look out for citizen’s best interests. The reasoning behind banning tobacco advertising stemmed from the health hazards and dangers associated with smoking, and the same should be true for alcohol.Some parties argue that there is no scientific evidence linking advertising to overconsumption or underage drinking. If this is true, then the same can be said for tobacco products. However, polls taken in 2011 show that tobacco use fell rapidly amongst teenagers 15 to 19 years of age, shortly after the ban was placed (Goldfarb, 2011, 209). If these restrictions were applied to alcohol products, similar results could be expected. This issue fits into the realm of communication theory. As Horkheimer and Adorno proclaim, the direction of society, â€Å"is incarnate in the subjective purposes of company directors.Production is geared primarily towards profit, not towards the satisfaction of human need or use value† (Johnston, lecture, 2012). Advertis ing executives constantly make decisions based purely on profit instead of taking culture into consideration. Their ads are intended to increase sales and attract new customers of any age. This is problematic on a youth audience. These theorists proclaim that the audience has no choice in the matter (Johnston, lecture, 2012). â€Å"If all culture is enmeshed in the capitalist marketplace then all cultural products espouse the ruling ideology† (Johnston, lecture, 2012).This ideology is business. The government needs to intervene in this cycle so that ethics and moral responsibility are taken into consideration, just as they were with the tobacco advertisement ban. Conclusion If tobacco advertising was banned because it was considered wrong to encourage a habit that causes such detrimental effects, should not the same be true for alcohol? This bias is hypocritical because the government deemed it necessary to intervene when it came to tobacco advertising, and alcohol should not be overlooked.Smoking and alcohol consumption take away people’s lives at the height of their productivity (Jiloha, 2012, 65). By keeping these activities out of the media, youth can be deterred from engaging in them. In fact, advertising has profound consequences. Its persuasiveness and lack of information give audiences a false sense of what the product at hand really is (Hove, 2009, 36). Advertising experts should focus their attention on directing youth audiences against dangerous habits such as smoking and drinking, instead of encouraging them through advertising.While there is no scientific link connecting advertising to over consumption of alcohol, the decrease in young smokers as previously mentioned after the tobacco retail display ban gives reason to assume the same could be true for alcohol. If tighter restrictions are put in place to limit promotion of these products, it could help discourage Canadians from underage drinking, or over consumption. The current stat e of applying restrictions only to the tobacco industry is hypocritical when compared to the equally dangerous properties of alcohol. Works Cited Boone, Kurtz, Mackenzie & Snow (2010).Advertising and Public Relations. Contemporary Marketing, Second Canadian Edition. Toronto: Nelson Education. 500-532. Canada’s Public Health Association. How does alcohol affect health? Canada’s Public Health Leader. November 1, 2012 URL: http://www. cpha. ca/en/portals/substance/health/faq01. aspx Canadian Radio-Television and Telecommunication Commission. (August 1, 1996). Code for Broadcast Advertising of Alcoholic Beverages. November 2, 2012, URL: http://www. crtc. gc. ca/eng/general/codes/alcohol. htm Damgaard, I. N. , Jensen, T. K. , Petersen, J. H. , Skakkeb? k, N. E. , Toppari, J. Main, K. M. , & The Nordic Cryptorchidism Study, G. (2007). Cryptorchidism and Maternal Alcohol Consumption during Pregnancy. Environmental Health Perspectives, 115(2), 272-277. Dubihlela, J. , & Dubihl ela, D. (2011). Youth attitudes towards advertisements depicting nudity and alcohol: ethical dilemmas in advertising. South African Journal Of Psychology, 41(2), 207-217. Goldfarb, A. , & Tucker, C. (2011). Advertising bans and the substitutability of online and offline advertising. Journal Of Marketing Research, 48(2), 207-227. doi:10. 1509/jmkr. 48. 2. 207 Health Canada. (2011).Tobacco Act. Health Canada. November 1, 2012, URL: http://www. hc-sc. gc. ca/hc-ps/tobac-tabac/legislation/federal/tobac-tabac-eng. php Hove, T. (2009). ADVERTISING, ETHICS, AND THE CITIZEN-CONSUMER. American Academy Of Advertising Conference Proceedings, 35-36. Jiloha, R. C. (2012). Tobacco smoking: How far do the legislative control measures address the problem?. Indian Journal Of Psychiatry, 54(1), 64-68. doi:10. 4103/0019-5545. 94651 Johnston, R. (2012 September). The Public Sphere. Lecture conducted from Brock University, St Catharines, Ontario. Kobor, M. S. , & Weinberg, J. (2011).FOCUS ON: EPIGENETIC S AND FETAL ALCOHOL SPECTRUM DISORDERS. Alcohol Research & Health, 34(1), 29-37. MacDonald, S. , Stockwell, T. , & Luo, J. (2011). The relationship between alcohol problems, perceived risks and attitudes toward alcohol policy in Canada. Drug And Alcohol Review, 30(6), 652-658. doi:10. 1111/j. 1465-3362. 2010. 00259. x Novak, J (2004) Alcohol Promotion and The Marketing Industy. York Univeristy: The Association to Reduce Alcohol Promotion in Ontario. Pollay, R. W. (2004). Considering the Evidence, No Wonder the Court Endorses Canada's Restrictions on Cigarette Advertising.Journal Of Public Policy ; Marketing, 23(1), 80-88. Sen, A. (2009). Estimating the impacts of household behavior on youth smoking: evidence from Ontario, Canada. Review Of Economics Of The Household, 7(2), 189-218. doi:10. 1007/s11150-008-9046-11 Statistics Canada. (2007). Prevalence of and adjusted odds ratios for viewing television 15 or more hours per week, by selected characteristics, household population aged 2 0 years or older. November 1, 2012. URL: http://www. statcan. gc. ca/pub/82-003-x/2008002/article/10600/t/5202428-eng. htm Statistics Canada (2009).Internet use by individuals, by selected frequency of use and age. November 1, 2012. URL: http://www. statcan. gc. ca/tables-tableaux/sum-som/l01/cst01/comm32a-eng. htm Statistics Canada (2009). Deaths by cause. October 31, 2012. URL: http://www5. statcan. gc. ca/cansim/pick-choisir? lang=eng;p2=33;id=1020525 Statistics Canada. (2011). Heavy Drinking by age group and sex. November 1, 2012. URL: http://www. statcan. gc. ca/tables-tableaux/sum-som/l01/cst01/health79a-eng. htm Tjepkema, M. (2004). In Alcohol and Illicit Drug Dependence. Statistics Canada, Catalogue 15.

Essay on “Arnolfini Wedding Portrait” by Jan van Eyck

Essay on â€Å"Arnolfini Wedding Portrait† by Jan van Eyck Arnolfini Portrait was painted by Jan van Eyck in 1434 and it is oil on oak panel. This painting represents two people, a husband and a wife who are making an arrangement. The nature of this arrangement is discussed in articles and different authors think differently of this painting. There is a mutual consensus that this painting serves as a form of evidence about the relationship between the husband and the wife. The two articles are: In the Name of God and Profit: Jan van Eycks Arnolfini Portrait† by Margaret D. Carroll and Jan van Eycks Arnolfini Portrait: Business as Usual? by Linda Seidel. In the Name of God and Profit: Jan van Eycks Arnolfini Portrait† was written by Margaret D. Carroll and it is the article which deals with the meaning of the painting. There is a depiction of what merchants were like in Italy in the 15th century and the true meaning of the Arnolfini Portrait is sought after. Arnolfini is a merchant and it is a person who needs money. He accumulates wealth, but according to the church and to the moral conduct of the time, there was the right way of earning money. A just merchant is the one who is pleasing God and just to men. This belongs to a medieval culture and a merchant of that time had to obey the rules. It is widely known that: â€Å"Arnolfini earned his fortune through international trade, finance, and money lending to the French and Burgundian courts. He owned a house in Bruges near one owned by his wifes relatives, the Cenami, another family of wealthy merchants originally from Lucca† (Carroll 97). His wife’s family was f rom France, but settled in Italy and her family was more prosperous than his. He married above his social status because he needed money for trade. Arnolfini was involved in financial ventures starting from 1421 and he dealt with textile. There is a record that he lent money to the duke of Burgundy in 1425 and he also became a supplier for Philip the Good. Arnolfini became an established figure in Burgundy and France and their court circles. He became a financier, a merchant and a courtier and he worked on his own. This painting suggests that his wife, Giovanna managed his affairs while he was absent because of business. This was common in the medieval Italy and the wife needed to have consent from her husband. Giovanna was able to manage Arnolfini’s business so that nobody else would be involved in it. Once that he dies, she was the executor of his wealth. This painting is supposed to represent a legal authorization which Arnolfini gave her to conduct his business. There are the elements of contract in the painting, there is good faith and mutual consent. There are also witnesses, visible in the mirror and the painter’s signature serves as a legal element also. In this painting the couple is already married and this is just an agreement that the wife is authorized to work on behalf of her husband. The painting is set in the bedroom because at the time, there was no distinction between public and private space in one’s home: â€Å"a businesslike transaction is shown taking place in a bedroom, one may answer that late medieval houses did not rigorously separate spaces for domestic and mercantile activity. In general, storerooms and offices were not clearly distinguished from living spaces† (Carroll 102). Arnolfini’s footwear is for outside, while Giovanna’s is for the inside which shows the roles a husband and wife have in this marriage. Her activity is related to their home, while his is related to the outside world. H er position is by the bed, which indicates her role at home, while his is by the window. The painting served as an evidence of a contract between Arnolfini and his wife. This is the affirmation of Giovanna’s involvement in her husband’s business affairs. A wife was not able to be involved in any kind of a legal transaction without a legal consent of her husband which is why this painting is so important as it does not represent marriage according to Carroll. The Arnolfini family are a merchant couple and this is what this portrait represents. There are other elements in this painting, such as religious ones: â€Å"Of crucial importance in the late Middle Ages was a merchants reputation for Christian piety-attested in this painting by the historiated mirror frame with scenes of the passion and the amber prayer beads on the wall next to it† (Carroll 105). Good faith is also one of the main themes in the painting and it can be seen in the right hand which Arnolfini raised. He also joined hands with Giovanna and there is a small dog between them, a sign of fidelity. Good faith was extremely important in those times and one’s reputation was at stake because of it. Legal matters could not be settled in court and that is why it was best to do business with merchants who were known for good faith. It was not honorable to accumulate wealth for oneself, but for the family and the country. Giovanna also seems to be pregnant in the painting which suggests the fruitfulness of the married couple. There is also the bed in the painting which is the ultimate indicator of good faith and a good relationship between the husband and wife. The family is ethical, pious and wealthy and that is exactly what this painting serves to show. Moreover, â€Å"van Eycks nuptial imagery speaks to the late medieval corporative ethos of partnership, good faith in contracts, and the sharing of both profits and risks† (Carroll 114). The husband and wife are in a legally binding contract which is based on good faith coming from both sides. There is also no central figure in the portrait and the attention is divided between the husband and the wife. There can also be seen people in the mirror and there is the painter’s signature above. The people are witnesses to this contract. Jan van Eycks Arnolfini Portrait: Business as Usual? is an article written by Linda Seidel and it suggests that there is a different meaning of the painting. „The painting represents an Italian cloth merchant, Giovanni Arnolfini, and his foreign-born wife, Giovanna Cenami, standing together and holding hands in a well-lit domestic interior where they are surrounded by personal belongingsâ€Å" (Seidel 57). There is also a dog in front of them and a mirror in the back. The painter also put the date and his signature in the painting. Seidel suggests that this is the painting which represents the actual marriage which served as the way for Arnolfini to get dowry and for Giovanna’s father to give her to her husband. There is no priest, but van Eyck was a landowner and capable of serving as the person who can guarantee for the marriage in the legal way. The bedroom serves as a nuptial room and there is also symmetry which suggests the equality of the married couple. Giovanna ’s family was very wealthy and they were also merchants, so it is a fact that Arnolfini was marrying into a wealthier family. The negotiations â€Å"between parents of future spouses would be kept secret until the pledged parties reached an appropriate age or the families accumulated a suitable dowry. The marriage ceremony proper began with a public meeting between male members of the familiesâ€Å" (Seidel 63). The father of the bride represented her and she took no part in this or in the decision making process. Afterwards, the groom would go and meet the bride during the day with the notary present and the groom would give a ring to his bride to be. The groom also brought gifts at this stage which can be seen in the Arnolfini Portrait. The marriage is complete once it is announced to the public. What can be seen in the painting is that: â€Å"it is Ring Day, around noon, and Giovanni has entered the house of Giovanna accompanied by family members. Their arrival is ascer tained by the alert dog and is attested to as well by the mirrors imagesâ€Å" (Seidel 66). It is the bride’s room since her shoes can be seen near the bench used for praying. This painting serves as the proof to the bride’s father that the groom has taken the dowry so that it can be given back to Giovanna once it is necessary. I chose Carroll’s article over Seidel’s because it makes more sense to me. It is also written in a better, more comprehensible way. While Seidel repeats her findings in the course of numerous pages, Carroll is very clear. Her organization makes her points seem reasonable and it is more persuasive than the portrait represents a legal agreement than the marriage itself. It is also possible that the marriage with the motive of a dowry takes place in the portrait, because of all the evidence, such as the bedroom, the clothes and the witnesses. However, the bride seems to be pregnant, so it seems more plausible that the marriage already took place. Reading these arguments changed my point of view about the painting because I never thought of the marriage as a business transaction. Both articles have plenty of evidence and it is upon personal preference to choose one as the explanatory for the Arnolfini Portrait. This painting serves as a piece of evidence that marriage was about business in medieval Italy.