B300 Assignment 6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

B300 Assignment 6 - Essay Example As organizations enter into different regions for their business needs they have to follow policies of the region. Regional peculiarities cannot be ignored in favor of centralized policy of the government. The phrase 'think globally and act locally' points to the same idea that organizations have to adapt their business policies according to the region where they have decided to go into operation. Middle East traditionally includes countries or regions in Southwest Asia and parts of North Africa. Persian Gulf is considered as the main centre the area around which is generally referred as Middle East. Bahrain, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, Yemen, and Palestinian Territories are collectively known as Middle East. Multiculturalism is one important aspect of the emerging Middle East and Dubai in particular. For example, all kind of eateries and restaurants Italian, Chinese etc. can be found. Indians, Filipinos, Pakistanis, People from Arab countries and people from Western countries comprise the workforce in Dubai whether it is white collar or blue collar job. The new cultural wave of tolerance allows foreigners to spend wee hours of the night in a pub while at the same time call for five times prayers also fill the air of Dubai. Apart from Dubai, Middle East destinations like Egypt, Jordan, Israel, Morocco and Tunisia have always been known for tourist attractions. Middle East has emerged as one the fastest developing economies. Their move towards success would not have been possible if the states had not joined the global business environment and participated in economic activities. The fabric of the society is also changing as these countries are evolving in different areas of economy, culture, science and technology. Yet there are many cultural differences and nuances that managers must know when dealing internationally in this region. The region can be an attractive business venture considering the market available. Regional Factors Following important factors may need management consideration for conducting business in a particular region: Managing Politics: Political systems as well as government supervisions and regulations change when companies choose to operate in a certain region. Sometimes government officials and the general public and political activists view foreign companies as outsiders and are suspicious of their impact on economy as well as politics. This may be specifically true in certain Muslim Middle Eastern countries where mostly democracy is not in place and rules may be bent to please the government of the time. Companies have to be ware of government takeovers of property and acts of violence directed against the firm. The examples of such acts can be seen in Anti-American protests on famous American businesses. Since, such acts are not uncommon in Arab and Muslim world; companies must formulate special plans and programs against unexpected losses. Political instability, at times civil disorders and frequent changes of government are some of the common political phenomenon in the region. Political instab

The company’s efforts Essay Example for Free

The company’s efforts Essay Explain some of the company’s efforts to localize its offerings and describe how Successful these efforts were. What could have been done differently? Think local, Act local. Think local, Act local. This is company’s efforts to localize its offerings. Global business philosophy changes 3A to 3P principle, 3A is Availability, Affordability, Acceptability. It meaning is to make customers buy get, affordable, willing to buy. 3P is Pervasiveness, Price to value, Preference. (2) Held Activities Coca cola localized their products is based on countries’ culture such as Malaysia is Coke EURO 2012 â€Å"Buka Coca-Cola, Buka Semangat Bola† contest. And McDonalds introduced about the World Cup drinking cup in the 2012 World Cup. Besides, Coca cola localized in China through the Chinese design in Beijing Olympics. Beijing Olympic Games torch bearer selection, Coca Cola to provide 18 places. As a global partner of Beijing Olympic Torch Relay , Coca-Cola ( China ) Beverages Ltd. officially announced : [ Coca-Cola ] Olympic torchbearer selection Shanghai area started , the selection of the theme Who lit the flame of my heart to the public 18 torchbearers places the Olympic spirit and the journey of Harmony theme brought to every corner of Shanghai . (3) Indication marks The other belongs to the Coca-Cola company brand drinks of all the packaging and advertising, it is the emblem and the Coca-Cola company honor cooperation. For example, Sprite, Fanta .The words, this is actually in the ascension and strengthening Coca-Cola brand. In addition, with the local brand beverage friendly cooperative relations, as well as local brand beverage special affinity, Coca-Cola has a better relationship. (4) Advertisement Through the advertisement implants, also can improve the local people accept rate, and local phase fusion, increase sales. For example, the bottle of packaging is the local custom picture. In the development of any drinks can use original brand sales channels, like this is advantageous to quickly open the market, but also can greatly reduce the cost. Coke, Sprite, fanta and so on three brand sales ratio roughly 2:2:1, development basic equilibrium. From several brand reputation, reputation to market sales, show integral consistent, distinct features, taste and can achieve complementary. According to the characteristics of the Chinese market, the Coca-Cola company expanding their drinks varieties, from oolong tea to the new age style of fruit punch, high heat energy drinks, and even to the most ancient drinking water. So which is more in line with the tastes of the locals , and make it easier for everyone to accept. localize its offerings after, Products with the local people more close contact, from popularity and good reputation degree, market sales, can have very big promotion.

Thomas Batemans Ten Years Diggings :: Anglo Saxon Essays

Thomas Bateman's Ten Years' Diggings Benty Grange, Derbyshire, 1848 May 3rd,- It was our good fortune to open a barrow which afforded a more instructive collection of relics than has ever been discovered in the county, and which surpasses in interest and remains hitherto recovered from any Anglo-Saxon burying place in the kingdom. The barrow, which is on a farm called Benty Grange, a high and bleak situation to the right of the road from Ashbourne to Buxton, near the eighth milestone from the latter place, is of inconsiderable elevation, perhaps not more than two feet at the highest point, but is spread over a pretty large area, and is surrounded by a small fosse or trench. About the centre and upon the natural soil, had been laid the only body the barrow ever contained, of which not a vestige besides the hair could be distinguished. Near the place which, from the presence of hair, was judged to have been the situation of the head, was a curious assemblage of ornaments, which, from the peculiarly indurated nature of the earth, it was impossible to remove with any degree of success. The most remarkable are the silver edging and ornaments of a leathern cup, about three inches diameter at the mouth, which was decorated by four wheel shaped ornaments and two crosses of thin silver, affixed by pins of the same met al, clenched inside. The other articles found in the same situation consists of personal ornaments, the chief of which are two circular enamels upon copper 1 3/4 diameter, in narrow silver frames, and a third, which was so far decomposed as to be irrecoverable; they are enamelled with a yellow interlaced dracontine pattern, intermingled with that peculiar scroll design, visible on the same class of ornaments that figured in Vestiges p.25, and used in several manuscripts of the VIIth Century, for the purpose of decorating the initial letters. The principle of this design consists of three spiral lines springing from a common centre, and each involution forming an additional centre for an extension of the pattern, which may be adapted to fill spaces of almost any form.

Criminal Law VS Civil Law

A tort actions is a form of civil law, which are intentional tort, torts of negligence, and strict liability torts, the vast majority of legal issues in the United State involve this, such as divorce, child custody, child support, domestic dispute, consumer problems, defamation, and injuries due to a person by another person. You can fine a civil lawsuit yourself or have an attorney do it for you, in this case you become the plaintiff and the other person will be the defendant. In most situations a civil lawsuit is filed for the purpose of momentary compensation for damages or some other form of noncriminal relief.Criminal Actions Criminal law deal with crimes against society, such as murder, theft, assault, abuse, arson, and embezzlement. You can't initiate a criminal lawsuit yourself, only a federal or state prosecutor can. Defendant found guilty in criminal cases face fines, public service, prison sentences, or possibly death; it does depend on crime and the state where the trail takes place. For example, â€Å"State v. Hudson is a hypothetical criminal case where the state brings criminal charges against Hudson. Jones v. Hudson is hypothetical civil cases in which the party named Jones sues the party named Hudson.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"( David L Hudson Jr. , 2010, p. 143)Similarities All though criminal and civil suits have many differences they have few similarities. Both suits involve a judicial officer of the state sitting in judgment, they also require the person moving the court for an order (the prosecutor in criminal and the plaintiff in civil cases) to prove to the relevant standard of proof nor, do they permit leading questions when examining one's own called witness and permit leading questions when examining the other side's witness. They proceed by hearing each party on each point as to evidence and law and ending with an order of the court.Differences Civil law cases are governed by the rules of civil procedure, while criminal law cases are governed by ru les of the criminal procedure. Criminal law suits are made on behalf of the state or government, the purpose of which is to punish individuals who comment crimes. Tort law serves private parties, their intent is to distribute compensation to the wronged party. The other major difference between them is the burden of proof. Burden of Proof In civil lawsuit, the standard of proof is either proof by clear and convincing evidence known as preponderance.A preponderance of the evidence simply means that one side has more evidence in its favor than the other. However, in a criminal lawsuit clear and convening proof is the standard burden of proof it is known as beyond a reasonable doubt. This evidence must establish a high probability that the fact presented can be proven true. The main reason that the proof standard of reasonable doubt is used in criminal trials is that such proceedings can result in more severe consequences such as the deprivation of a defendant's liberty or even in his or her death.These outcomes are far more severe than in civil trials, in which momentary damages are the common end result. The major difference in the two burdens of proof is that in a criminal suit the evidence must allow no other logical explanation to be derived from the facts presented except that the defendant committed the crime, thus overcoming the presumption that a person is innocent until proven guilty. In a criminal cases one piece of overwhelming evidence can turn a case around no matter the others amount of evidence, while in a civil case either side can present a large amount of evidence and the one with the most evidence wins the case.Outcome In certain cases you can be charged for criminal and civil charges, if you injure someone intentionally you can be charged with criminal assault and battery by the state or local government and the victim can also sue you for damages in court in a tort action. For example in the case of O. J Simpson. He was tried at first for mu rdering is his wife and her friend and he was found not guilty by a jury of his peers. The family decided to suit him for compensation and won the cases. The Outcome if O. J. would have lost the criminal cases could have been anywhere from 25 years to life or the death penalty.

Hong Kong Moral and National Education

Do you think moral and national education should be abolished? Moral and national education had recently become a hot topic in Hong Kong. Moral and national education  is a school curriculum proposed by the  Education Bureau of Hong Kong, it s transformed from the current moral and civic education. The Education Bureau stated that it is to cultivate â€Å"positive values and attitudes† in students. Schools are forced to make it into an independent subject and teachers will teach according to curriculum given by the Education Bureau.However, the society suspected that it is brainwashing, they express their concerns through forming associations like Scholarism and marching. National Education should have included different perspectives for students to know more about their country and citizenship. Instead of letting students know about their country thoroughly, the information is carefully selected by the government. Of the 19 references, 18 of them were written by mainland Chinese. There are no references from local or foreign scholar, no diverse views and different interests.They are all one-sided view of China and neglected lots of important issues such as the development in human rights and democracy in China. Such references and handbooks are inappropriate to use as teaching materials. Hong Kong schools already have liberal studies, civil education and Chinese history, content of lessons are overlapped. Students are overburdened by homework, test and examination. Schools and teachers are rushing through the syllabus of HKDSE. Time is tight for both school and students, another compulsory subject is not needed. This creates more pressure and stress than the benefit it might have on the major stakeholders.The curriculum guide for the evaluation of student’s performance is also being worried. Students have to be emotionally touched in order to show their patriotism. It focuses students to dissemble or to fake their feelings in order to get hig her marks, it is not a proper way of education. Along with contents that praises the Communist China, â€Å"advanced, altruistic and united governing body† with characteristics that â€Å"ensuring stable governance, protecting wholeness of country†. Students are to be brainwashed and to love their country blindly. Extreme nationalism and patriotism can easily leads to war just because of a little conflict (WW1).In my opinion, a moral and civic education curriculum committee should be set to draw up guide lines and design the teaching materials. It should be consist of trained teachers, parents and people from different parts of the society. The curriculum committee can also monitor the implantation of this subject or whether it should become a subject at school. With all the rejections and disagreements from professional teachers, parents and even students themselves, the government should understand their concerns and go for a more opened approach.

Free Essays on Communication Process

Abstract To be able to compete in a growing world economy, we as current and future mangers need to embrace diversity and it’s impact in our professional live. Diversity in the work environment will expose all of us in contact with other people of different vastly backgrounds. We all have the need to develop new skills and the understanding of other cultures to be able to compete within the workforce. Building a workforce through diversity has become part of the mainstream strategy for many companies. Working in teams in both the work environment and academia are a critical new aspect of our ever-changing world. Work groups are becoming more and more diverse and it is becoming increasingly important for business organizations to embrace diversity as well as to understand and manage it. The perspectives of working together successfully requires team members to meet the challenge of learning to effectively communicate and develop together for a common goal. Communication Process The communication process in the workplace can range from simplex to complex. Simplex communication can be as simple as asking for a status of the a project, to the very complex assignment of explaining the five year strategic plan that would include economic and competitive advantages. How we communicate and how we receive communication has and will continue to have a direct and guiding effect on our careers as managers. Most managers in the workplace find that the most important factor in employee promote-ability would be effective communication. With this in mind it is strange to see that many managers and employees within organizations lack effective communication skills. In my opinion, I have found that effective communication to be a very serious problem in many AT&T organizations. Many managers are not aware of the communication importance and their lack of mastery of this skill. Employers in the organizations of today... Free Essays on Communication Process Free Essays on Communication Process Communication Process In many ways, the history of human civilization chronicles the increasing centrality of communication. Communication establishes relationships and makes human organization and cooperation possible. Whether you recognize it or not, you have no choice but to communicate. If you try to avoid communicating by not replying to messages, you are nevertheless sending a message, but it may not be the one you want or intend. When you don’t say yes, you may be saying no by default- and vice versa. The only choice you can make about communication is whether you are going to attempt to communicate effectively. Communication is complex Communication is a complex process in which many possibilities for error exist. Since World War II, we have become increasingly aware that many of our problems in our personal and professional relationships result from poor communication. Nevertheless, because we spend so much of our time communicating, we tend to assume that we are experts. Surveys indicate that when business professionals are asked to rate their communication skills, virtually everyone overestimates his or her abilities as a communicator. When we have problems understanding or making ourselves understood, the natural tendency is to blame the other person (or persons). Effective communication Effective communication begins with a recognition that not everyone experiences the world in the same way and that other’s views may be as correct- perhaps even more correct- than our own. We create internal, mental maps of reality based on our experiences. When we communicate, whether nonverbally through gestures and actions or verbally through language, we do so based on our mental maps. If I were to tell you, for example, that Coke tastes better than Pepsi, I would not have actually said anything about either Coke or Pepsi. Instead, I would have told you something about my subjective experience- the mental map I have cr... Free Essays on Communication Process Abstract To be able to compete in a growing world economy, we as current and future mangers need to embrace diversity and it’s impact in our professional live. Diversity in the work environment will expose all of us in contact with other people of different vastly backgrounds. We all have the need to develop new skills and the understanding of other cultures to be able to compete within the workforce. Building a workforce through diversity has become part of the mainstream strategy for many companies. Working in teams in both the work environment and academia are a critical new aspect of our ever-changing world. Work groups are becoming more and more diverse and it is becoming increasingly important for business organizations to embrace diversity as well as to understand and manage it. The perspectives of working together successfully requires team members to meet the challenge of learning to effectively communicate and develop together for a common goal. Communication Process The communication process in the workplace can range from simplex to complex. Simplex communication can be as simple as asking for a status of the a project, to the very complex assignment of explaining the five year strategic plan that would include economic and competitive advantages. How we communicate and how we receive communication has and will continue to have a direct and guiding effect on our careers as managers. Most managers in the workplace find that the most important factor in employee promote-ability would be effective communication. With this in mind it is strange to see that many managers and employees within organizations lack effective communication skills. In my opinion, I have found that effective communication to be a very serious problem in many AT&T organizations. Many managers are not aware of the communication importance and their lack of mastery of this skill. Employers in the organizations of today...

New health care laws Essay Example

New health care laws Essay Example New health care laws Paper New health care laws Paper The purpose of law lies in the preservation of freedom and moral right in the society. The state which makes the laws and governs the people can be judged on the basis how it is giving protection to all the sections of the society including the those least able to help themselves such as the disabled, children and the elderly. It should lift the people who are in need. If the state is able to deliver these thing that one is regarded as a state with basic rules of law and governance. The constitution is said to be efficient and effective when it allows government to protect the liberties of citizens and their lives. One of the major problem faced by the people in the developed countries is about their health insurance, lack of information about price and quality. The President of America believes that the people need reliable health care, reasonable price and high quality services. President Bush has proposed an agenda to make the healthcare services more efficient and portable. The people of America should be able to choose healthcare based upon their individual needs so that they can understand the information about the quality and price of the healthcare. As far as the insurance is concerned, it should be affordable and portable. The agenda includes some important principles, they are escalating health savings accounts, making health insurance more effective and portable, to make healthcare more transparent by providing much information on quality and price, to pass reforms about the medical liability, to assist Americans more efficiently. Healthcare plays a very vital role in day to day life. Among healthcare, health savings account is the one which is very important and helps public in many ways. It allows Americans to save tax free dollars which can be used for the purpose of healthcare of the individual and the companies. More than 3 million people in America has enrolled in HAS. It provides flexibility for the individuals and companies to spend their dollars on healthcare. With the help of the Agenda made by the president on healthcare, the self-employed, workers for companies those who do not offer healthcare policies and the unemployed are benefited and they get access to employer healthcare plans, for these kind of people the government has reduced the tax on paying the premiums for HSA insurance policies. For the people who are not working especially the retirees, the government provided tax free for an HSA account. The American Government enabled portable insurance Policies. By this the employees can control, own and be able to shift the policy where ever they want. Usually, the health insurance is not valid if the person shifts from one company to the other. But by this agenda, the president has permitted that the health insurance is valid across the states. The President in his Agenda has introduced Association health plans (AHPs). To purchase health coverage, AHPs combine the small businesses; by this the association members can pay premiums at a lower rate. Establishing community Health Centers in poorer communities has been proposed to make health care available. Community health center or rural clinic in every high-poverty country has set out to be established. They are many benefits with the implication of healthcare but if the law is not followed, there may be misuse of the benefits. In the medicare bill, the impact of the prescription drug is different for different types of beneficiaries. Most seniors are disappointed with the medicare prescription drug benefit. Though prescription drug benefit would allow affording the drugs they need but the companies that administer may limit to less brand name and low cost medicines. In this, the companies are benefited but the public is affected. The federal government with the help of private companies is going to provide prescription drug discount cards, but according to the survey of Mercer Human Resource Consulting, the senior citizens are not going to be benefited. According to the survey, Medicare premiums would rise sharply as Medicare is going to compete with the private insurers. For the traditional Medicare, the current premium is $58. 70 a month . Medical beneficiaries concern about the retirees whether the employers are going to offer them drug coverage. For the pharmaceutical company, the medicare bill is the big victory but for some private health plans which are cost-effective, they would like to receive subsidies from Medicare which they cannot receive up to their expectations. By the medicare bill, doctors will be benefited because the compensation rates to the doctors who treat the medicare patients will be increased for doing high technology tests and Medicare pays too little for talking and examining with patients . Medicare could use some fixing at the margins. It pays doctors too much for doing high-technology tests and procedures and too little for examining and talking with patients. Rural hospitals also will get benefited by this because rural hospitals get $25 billion to compensate for a low number of patients. For most senior citizens, who spend moderate to high, will be benefited by the medicare bill. But for the citizen who is spending low on the health care would not be benefited. Almost the tax payers are the losers. By the medicare bill, some of the organizations and individuals get benefited but some may not. If every thing happens according to the law, and if the private companies, public and government go hand in hand, then everyone will be benefited. If not, some sections of the society in one or the other form may suffer. Reference: 1. Edward W. Younkins, (2000, September 2), Capitalism and commerce: The purpose of law and constitutions, Montreal, No: 66, Retrieved 2007 December 25. quebecoislibre. org/000902-11. htm 2. Shannon Jones and Barry Grey, (2003, November26) A windfall for drug companies, private health insurers, Retrieved 2007 December 25. wsws. org/articles/2003/nov2003/medi-n26. shtml 3. Angell, Marcia, (2003, Feb 01), Dr. First to the Rescue: How not to fix Medicare. (Bill First),The American Prospect. Retrieved 2007 December 25. http://goliath. ecnext. com/coms2/gi_0199-2521596/Dr-Frist-to-the-rescue. html

Round

Round Round Round By Maeve Maddox The word round is the ideal word to illustrate the fact that a word is not a part of speech until it is used in a sentence. Of the eight classic parts of speech–noun, verb, adjective, adverb, preposition, conjunction, pronoun, and interjection–round can function as five of them. 1. Round as Noun We speak of a round of golf and the rounds of a boxing match. We sing musical rounds like â€Å"Row, Row, Row Your Boat† and â€Å"Frere Jacques.† Shakespeare spoke of a king’s crown as â€Å"a golden round.† The steps of a ladder are called rounds. The creed of the United States Postal Service, translated from Herodotus, declares, â€Å"Neither snow nor rain nor heat nor gloom of night stays these couriers from the swift completion of their appointed rounds.† Here are some more common meanings of round as a noun: a large piece of beef a slice of bread, especially toast a regularly recurring sequence the constant passage and recurrence of days the act of ringing a set of bells in sequence a circular route a regular visit by a doctor or a nurse in a hospital a set of drinks bought for all the people in a group an amount of ammunition needed to fire one shot. a single volley of fire by artillery an outburst of applause a period or bout of play at a game or sport a division of a game show a session of meetings for discussion 2. Round as Adjective Anything that is spherical in shape may be described as round, for example, balls marbles, oranges, and grapes. Also round are cake pans, plates, Frisbees, wheels, CDs, and bagels. Vowels can be round, (i.e., enunciated by contracting the lips to form a circular shape.) Applied to a quantity of something, round can mean large or considerable: â€Å"A million dollars is a good round sum.† But applied to an estimate, round means rough or approximate: â€Å"The figure of three thousand years was only a round guess.† Shakespeare and his contemporaries frequently used round in the sense of outspoken: â€Å"Sir Toby, I must be round with you.† Horses can trot at â€Å"a good round pace,† and scholars often have â€Å"round shoulders.† 3. Round as Verb You can round a piece of clay into a ball, round the edges of a table, round the bases, round chickens into a corner, round out your gnome collection, round a number, and round suddenly on someone who has been annoying you. 4. Round as Adverb and Preposition These uses of round are more common in British usage than in American: â€Å"When the door slammed, everyone turned round.† (adverb) â€Å"At last, the bus came round the corner.† (preposition) See Round vs. Around for a discussion of these two uses of round. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Fly, Flew, (has) FlownFlied?"Replacement for" and "replacement of"English Grammar 101: Sentences, Clauses and Phrases

Supply chain management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Supply chain management - Essay Example A push system however can meet the requirements of a system which needs large inventory which would be difficult for a pull system to manage. Therefore push systems are good for demand that doesn’t depend on conditions that is, it is ‘independent’ and thus they are dependable sources especially when uncertainty exists in the environment. (Hirano, 2009) Just in time inventory (JIT) is one of the models of inventory and it follows the pull system that can react quickly to demand changes. It is a production strategy which aims to improve business models by increasing their return on investment (ROI) by reducing the time and costs associated with inventory. The process is built around the importance of signals which exist between processes and which will signal the production process when to produce the next part. The signals also called ‘Kanban’ are simply visual and they show shelf space etc. JIT inventory management can lead to improvement in the organ ization of manufacturers and enhances quality, efficiency and investment. The focuses are on the quality, flow of products and the employees. The process is such that depletion in stock will signal personnel to order in new stock and overall inventory reduction is achieved which is the main purpose of this style of management. (Dennis, 2002) This will lead to lower costs of warehousing; however JIT has other elements involved such as the fact that it is not independent of the other proponents of the system. Manufacturers have tried to better this process over the years by forecasting better such as using methods such as trailing. JIT seems to be an appropriate plan for companies...A push system however can meet the requirements of a system which needs large inventory which would be difficult for a pull system to manage. Just in time inventory (JIT) is one of the models of inventory and it follows the pull system that can react quickly to demand changes. Good information system Manufacturing resource planning (MRP) is a push method of inventory management. MRP and JIT compared Since JIT doesn’t allow for pushing of products visibility in JIT is less than in MRP system where forecasting allows for visibility. MRP process also protects each part of the process of operations from being disrupted and therefore it is a more proactive process as compared to JIT approach. The main sacrifice a firm has to make in JIT management system is the inventory and capacity. However in MRP system the stock of extra products allows the system to be continuous and work all the time including when it is not needed. JIT is also a more decentralized approach to operations management which isn’t the case with MRP system or any other system for that matter. A hybrid system Firms were using MRP push model initially and then they started looking towards pull systems like JIT.

Corporate Social Responsibility within Islamic prospectives Literature review

Corporate Social Responsibility within Islamic prospectives - Literature review Example The values and the principles which have been in place since the time of Prophet Mohammed serve as the CSR foundation in Islam. Islam fundamentals are not subject to change. They include aqidah, referring to belief and faith, ibadah, which means worship and akhlaq, which refers to morality and ethics. In secondary fields such as economics, business and other activities the manifestation of these fundamentals will need flexibility and development in accordance with the time and space. Hence, in Islam the idea of CSR is always subject to change depending on the various needs of the community and the society. According to Islam human represents God and that the whole creation was formed by God. Human being God’s representative therefore, has a great obligation to look after the creation of God. The CSR concept In Islam covers an extensive meaning, in that it embraces God consciousness dimension which is referred to as the taqwa. In all situations, group of individuals takes up di fferent roles and responsibilities as servants. According to Hassan (2002), values of truthfulness, fairness, kindness, uprightness instead of envy and discrimination inspires the relationship with God. This normally manifested naturally in various activities in business and even in the relationship with all the stakeholders.

The background to the region Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The background to the region - Assignment Example With an area if 17,840,000square kilometers it is the home of around 385,742,554 people and a proportionately growling economy. South America is further divided into twelve regions for twelve different countries. These countries include Sao Paulo, Bueno Aires, Rio de Janeiro, Bogota, Lima, Santiago, Belo Horizonte, Caracas and Porto Alegre. There is also a wide range of cultural and demographical differences observed in the area because it houses people belonging from all Europe, Asia and Africa. The commonly spoken languages are however Portuguese and Spanish. The diversity in its culture derives it lineage from the differences in population. For example South America is home to the largest African tribes. Close affinities or people from their area if origin brings varied cultural diversity to the area. Different people with different views for renovation and innovation have caused largely spaced changes in the land mass with the most prominent being deforestation and excessive crop plantation. This crop plantation is treated with varied and large amounts of chemicals and may pose threat to the overall conservation of biological environment. Along with causing serious hazardous conditions such as desertification, waster logging and water pollution as the chemicals seeps into underground sources of water or might as well deposit directly into the hubs of oceans and seas. Thereby water pollution and diseases will be inevitable. Many sources of pollution like chemical plants, coal industries, radiations and metallic conductivity. Not only is it a health hazard but also a population hazard. People stay away from places that do not guarantee appropriate life supporting strategies. The paradox of a modern society is drinking raw water from the woods is unsafe but the tap water is safe, the people are either under the impression or forced to believe by ritual that municipal water is safe to drink, that it is clean. More than 70% of people are aware

Critical Issues Module 4 Paper Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Critical Issues Module 4 Paper - Coursework Example He founded the solutions of long term strategic projects with the help of various funding, the field building project with the tenure of five year that directly helped the 5000 leaders of nonprofits, more than 400 consultants and 600 staff foundations (La Piana Consulting, 2009). As a result, La Piana stayed the prominent name at the back publication on the theme for some years (and, debatably, leftovers the most important specialist on the subject). In the year of 2009, La piana’s nationwide consulting trade for nonprofit amalgamation and partnerships has had tremendous growth for the development and help with tactical reformation and it served the nonprofit organizations so effectively as it did a year ago (Gose, 2009). On description of his standing, this augmented attention in his social consulting services has been marked the best qualitative pointer and indicator strongly proving the expansion of the reformation progress in nonprofits and his tremendous contribution lead s him towards the success today. La Pianas basic revision on rearrangement concerned the study of 400 nonprofits organization with per/annum revenues of more than 0.2mn $ in San Francisco and Cleveland (Kohm & La Piana, 2003, p.13). The facts from the research recommended that â€Å"long term plan restructuring may create the combined programming in nonprofits†. The changing in environments creates a various chances for nonprofits to grow rapidly in all ways; also it offers new spirited challenges to compete with them in the market, frequently with those who are playing in the same industry. Being clever to distinguish when to work together and when to struggle — and having the Aptitude to shift with self-assurance flanked by the two — will be input to nonprofits’ skill to stay alive and flourish. La Piana convinced the member to share their ideas and relationship with each other, they articulated their emotions and feelings negative as well positive in shape of anger

Depends Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Depends - Research Paper Example In 1949, Rich DeVos and Jay Andel became distributors and in 1958, they began to teach others on how to build their own businesses as network marketers to fulfill their dreams. They then broadened their product line and set up a company called American Way Association, which later came to be known as Amway. Before the end of 20th century, more than 3three million people in over eighty countries belonged to the Amway network (Ziglar & Hayes, 2001, pg 56). Network marketing is a network of people who have access to a range of products that are distributed through that network. The people can buy these products for personal use or sell them to others, thereby expanding the network by inviting others to join the network and over time, the volume of goods being distributed increase. Along the way, a portion of the profits on these products are paid to distributors, the down-line gives regular income in reality. The industry has experienced an image problem in the past because there were not systems and professional codes of conduct, and some operators used pyramid selling disguised as network marketing ((Griffiths, et al , 2008, Pg 1). Network marketing is emerging over the world as a viable and credible method of reaching buyers, which is cost effective as compared to the traditional retailing methods. Today almost everything in the world can be sold through network marketing including health supplements (Christen et al, 2007, pg 2). The emergence of internet has made it possible for network marketing to emerge as the mainstream marketing. The industry is becoming mature with professional marketing. It is an excellent way of entering into business enabling each person to enjoy fruits of their labor and solid passive income stream and residual income. Previously people viewed it as a side job that gives extra income, but now it gives opportunity to establish a business that will continue to be the main source of income. The industry is emerging as one

Tourism task 1 UB Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Tourism task 1 UB - Essay Example of the city is such that it provides access to beautiful beaches as well as rainforests, and thus is able to provide an array of experiences to a visitor (ABS, 2010). The sub-tropical climate is also responsible for making it one of the most sought after cities where people want to live and work. It is well connected by road, rail and air and provides all amenities (ABS, 2010). According to the National Visitor Survey conducted by the Tourism research department of the Government of Australia, Gold Coast is among one of the most visited cities in the country. While the state of Queensland has the third highest percentage of tourists over the last year; Gold Coast is one of the highest in terms of the earnings from tourist activity (TRA, 2012). Queensland had 24% of all overnight visitors in different states of Australia; and 26 – 28 % of all visitor nights for 2001 as well as for the quarter ending December, with a higher percentage for the December quarter as compared to the entire year (TRA, 2012). There were 5,300 thousand inter-state visitors and 11,291 thousand intra-state visitors which shows that the intra-state transit was more frequent. It had the highest number of inter-state visitor nights spent and the second highest intra-state visitor nights which shows that stays were longer in duration as compared to other states (TRA, 2012). Though the trends are consistent across the year, these figures are higher for the summer months than for other times in the year (TRA, 2012). 23% of all visitors came to holiday, and spent 30% of all visitor nights doing so in the December quarter and 26% of all nights spent in the entire year 2011 (TRA, 2012). Average durations of stay were about 4 days, and most (40%) choose to stay in a hotel or resort making up 30% of all nights stayed in a hotel or resort accommodation (TRA, 2012). In Gold Coast alone, people on a day trip spent over 668 million which is 19% of all spending b y day visitors and was ranked 5th in all

Depends Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Depends - Research Paper Example In 1949, Rich DeVos and Jay Andel became distributors and in 1958, they began to teach others on how to build their own businesses as network marketers to fulfill their dreams. They then broadened their product line and set up a company called American Way Association, which later came to be known as Amway. Before the end of 20th century, more than 3three million people in over eighty countries belonged to the Amway network (Ziglar & Hayes, 2001, pg 56). Network marketing is a network of people who have access to a range of products that are distributed through that network. The people can buy these products for personal use or sell them to others, thereby expanding the network by inviting others to join the network and over time, the volume of goods being distributed increase. Along the way, a portion of the profits on these products are paid to distributors, the down-line gives regular income in reality. The industry has experienced an image problem in the past because there were not systems and professional codes of conduct, and some operators used pyramid selling disguised as network marketing ((Griffiths, et al , 2008, Pg 1). Network marketing is emerging over the world as a viable and credible method of reaching buyers, which is cost effective as compared to the traditional retailing methods. Today almost everything in the world can be sold through network marketing including health supplements (Christen et al, 2007, pg 2). The emergence of internet has made it possible for network marketing to emerge as the mainstream marketing. The industry is becoming mature with professional marketing. It is an excellent way of entering into business enabling each person to enjoy fruits of their labor and solid passive income stream and residual income. Previously people viewed it as a side job that gives extra income, but now it gives opportunity to establish a business that will continue to be the main source of income. The industry is emerging as one

EPILEPSY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

EPILEPSY - Essay Example The epilepsy happens when the electrical impulses bursting in brain escapes their normal limits. The electricity impulses can be transferred muscles resulting in convulsions and twitches. However the cause of epilepsy in many people is unknown. There are many types of seizures like idiopathic, generalized and partial epilepsy. As per, Better Health ( 2013) â€Å"Epilepsy is a condition that affects the brain and causes repeated seizures, also known as â€Å"fits†. Epilepsy is a common occurrence in UK and children with this disease encounter learning problems usually with writing, reading and comprehension. They may also need extra help with everyday skill. Many children and adults do not achieve much with epilepsy and the life is difficult when it comes to studies or work. This assignment looks at the role of adult, mental and child nursing in supporting the epilepsy patient and the cultural and psychological effect of the disease on the individual and family. This topic was chosen because epilepsy has an adverse effect on the patient and family members. There is lot of stigma around this disease and also patients experience disability. The seizures give rise to neurological disturbance and burden on family members. They also face problem in life as unemployment, educational disability and poor health. In UK, epilepsy is a common condition among children and adult. In a year, more than thousands of people die because of epilepsy. As per, Epilepsy Action ( 2012) â€Å"In 2009, 1,150 people died in the UK because of epilepsy, and most of these deaths were associated with seizures. The principal cause of seizure-related death is sudden unexpected death in epilepsy, accounting for an estimated 500 deaths each year†. The epilepsy has different effect on people and culture has certain significance to the disease onset. In UK, people lead a stressful life and it can contribute to the onset of disease. Also certain people are highly influenced to drugs and

The Day of Valor on the fourth month of the Roman calendar Essay Example for Free

The Day of Valor on the fourth month of the Roman calendar Essay A week after celebrating the Day of Valor on the fourth month of the Roman calendar in the year of Rat, I was born one evening in a city called the financial capital of the country that was colonized by Spaniards for more than three hundred years after it was discovered by a famous Portuguese explorer. My first name Johanne is a variant of Johanna which means â€Å"God is gracious† and my second name Victoria means victory hope my life goes well as my name. My parents, Victorino and Wilma, were a hard working couple who works as an employee of a private company. They produced of our own kind six times in eleven years having five boys, leaving me no sister to have a bonding with. Since I’m the only girl, they call me Princess or sometimes Negneg, short for negra, because of my dark complexion. It’s not that dark like people in Africa but it’s the darkest complexion in my family but it’s alright because I have these black tantalizing eyes, a good set of teeth and a slim body that makes me look like a Filipina beauty queen. I spent my seventeen years of existence in a city known for being a major cultural entertainment hub in Metro Manila. I studied my first five years of my primary education in Nicanor Garcia Elementary School, Makati. After my hit-and-run 50-50 accident case when I was in fifth grade, God gave me my second chance to live and finished my elementary course in Rizal Elementary School in Laguna. I have to transfer because of the severe fracture in my right leg causing me to have a hard time going up stairs. I have recovered from what had happened and continued my secondary education in General Pio del Pilar National High School in Makati. In elementary, I always make my parents proud of me by giving them a numerous medals every end of the school year. I’ve been a consistent contestant in Mathematics Quiz Bee and I made my school proud after qualifying twice in Mathematics Trainer’s Guild, a program to train gifted Filipino kids for international competitions. Aside from Math, I’ve also been in various contests regarding Science and Journalism. Considering me as a dynamic student, I was fairly awarded at the end of the year. When I stepped high school, it was the most exciting part of my life. Having crushes, love team ups, courtships, prom night were the things that could really make you giggle. But the most remarkable incident that shaped my character now was improving my leadership skills. When I was in third year, I ran as the president of SMILE (Students Movement for the Improvement of Leadership and Empowerment) Party List for the upcoming Supreme Student Government election. I taught I’m going to win because I’m from the star section but I’m wrong. I lost. I’m so ashamed. Because of that, I don’t feel like going to that school again. But there was a Non-government organization that invites the students to go on camp in Iba, Zambales for free. Of course, I joined and that made me forgot the pain I felt. On the first night of the camping, everything has changed after the moment I received Jesus Christ as my personal savior. When I got back in school, God blessed me so much that He gave the Hi-Y Club (a high school based club of Young Men’s Christians Association) in my lead. From that happening, I really appreciated the quote: â€Å"After the storm, there’s a rainbow.† I taught the door of opportunity to explore more in leading has closed for me, not realizing He has opened the window for me to experience the chance I thought I lost. Because of this club, I learned to balance my mind, body and spiritual aspect of my life. Creating programs, helping community, serving others and volunteering were some of my experiences that really made my heart swollen and would like to share to others to inspire them. Aside of being a Y’er, I’m now a Christian and started serving Him like sharing the good news, being a part of dance and drama ministry, and helping other Christian to grow in their spiritual life. I feel over joy and satisfaction every time I see myself volunteering on the camp where I was saved. After the enjoyment of high school, I took one step forward in the reality of life. I face the truth that my life will rotate in complicated solutions, brain-whacking terms, millions of numbers, struggling calculators, statements to finish, stability of study, life-long practice, thick books to read, rushing late night work, ugly eye-bugs, unbalanced sums, financial reports, constant lack of sleep, accurate solutions, and heart-stopping result after deciding to take Bachelor of Science in Accountancy in the first polytechnic university in our country. I know I can make it through because I believe that â€Å"what the mind can conceive, the body can achieve†. I may not be the cream of the crop in our class but I will manage to pursue my dreams step by step because I cling to God’s promise: â€Å"For I know the plans I have for you,† declares the Lord. â€Å"Plans to prosper you and not to harm you, plans to give you hope and future.†(Jeremiah 29:11)

Person Centred Approach for Depression

Person Centred Approach for Depression SOCIAL THEORIES FOR PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE A REFLECTIVE REPORT ON GROUP POSTER The main purpose of the report is to demonstrate an understanding social work theory for practice person-centred approach in relation to adults with depression; the target audience is social work students. According to Teater (2010:1) theory â€Å"helps to predict, explain and assess situations and behaviours, and provide a rationale for how the social worker should react and intervene.† Therefore social work theory for practice is defined â€Å"as a set of ideas used to guide practice and which are sufficiently coherent that they could if necessary, be made explicit in form which is open them to challenge.† Payne (1997:150) held the view that for a social work theory to be successful in achieving its result it required three elements, perspective, an explaining theory and a model. Teater (2010:4) emphasised that social workers may combine learning theory with social learning theory to work with a service user, as theory informs practice. Payne (2002:270) stated that â €Å"a theory cannot be evaluated only in relation to its ideas and effectiveness, because the ideas have a historical and social context and effectiveness is judged according to particular institutional requirements.† When my group met each group member gave suggestions of what theory they thought would be a good idea we decided to create a poster on Person-centred approach. The title of the poster was â€Å"A person-centred approach in relation to adults with depression: a guide for social work students. The purpose of developing this poster was to inform and educate social work students about Person-centred approach in a relation to adults dealing with depression. To have an understanding of my role and contribution to the group it is essential to review the process of how the team formed. The group formed not as a result of choice but as a result of random selection but with consideration of where we lived as this would make it easier to come together. The formation of the group made me realise that I did not have a choice in deciding who I would work with but despite that I was happy with my group and we worked well to complete the task at hand. The group was small and consisted of 4 people 3 females and 1 male and with different experience and educational background. A group can be defined in a many different ways which relate to function, membership for instance why people join and whether membership is voluntary and its goals and eventual purpose. Cartwright and Zander (1968) describes the group â€Å"as an aggregate of individuals standing in relations to each other, the relations exemplified will depend on or determine the kind of group, whether it is a family, an audience, a committee, union, or crowd†. Hogg et al (2005) defined a team as â€Å"a group of people organised to work interdependently or cooperatively to complete a specific or accomplish a purpose or goal†. On reflection it is essential to note that my group was a task centred one because it was purely set up in order to complete the task at hand. Basically the group had collectivism this relates to â€Å"a world view based on the idea that the group needs and goals are more important than any individual†. We worked to complete the task and went through Bruce Tuckman groups develop through five basic stages: Forming – apprehension, Storming – conflict, Norming – status and role attainment, performing – goal striving and accomplishment, Adjourning – disbanding or re-organizing (Thompson 2010: 92). No one had been nominated as leader but there were two definite leaders who took on the role of deciding what task each of us should do. This occurred as a result of the two feeling that they were going to take on more, we let them take the lead due to their willingness to undertake the greater part of the task. Despite this I managed to take charge when it came to the title and how information was displayed. Due to the lack of clear leadership this meant that we did not always meet up and there was no time to rehearse before presenting to the class. Each team member was given a task to complete but due to lack of clear roles and responsibilities and we got on to complete the task at hand. According to Thompson (2009:160) â€Å"good practice is based on partnership, team work and good communication amongst all members†. It was essential to create positive group dynamics as this would aid the relationship between the team members, as such the relationship had to be constructive as well as productive (Lafasto Larson 2001). Belbin (1996:64) stated â€Å"that an approach to human relationships in work groups, in which each individual has a defined role†. In this case there were two people that were the leaders and they were dominant in making decisions without consulting the rest of the team. In relation to team roles I took on the role of resource investigator Belbin (1981: 84) describes this as a person that is very optimistic. I endeavoured to relay my opinion in order to contribute and make corrections as expected by the group but to my work was disregarded in my absence. There are a number of issues that can affect a good group dynamic and for our team it was poor communication, different information would be passed on yet after meeting the other teams had done something differently. This factor I believe affected my performance and others as well. For instance we emailed each other what our ideas but the two leaders were negative towards my suggestions and the responded in a way that demonst rated decisions had been made already. Furthermore not all members received updates due to not being linked in so there was missed information, at the time of presenting suggestions on how it should be done were ignored this was annoying and evoked some strong emotions. Unfortunately it was late to resolve this issue I felt strongly that decisions were made without critical analysis and this was a direct result of lack of leadership. When we started to develop the poster we recognised that we had limited time, space and therefore we decided to develop a poster that was precise, concise and easy for the social work students and service users to understand. The purpose was to inform and provide an understanding of about the social theory for practice and also how well it works with service users. It was also essential for the design and colour scheme of the poster to be practical. According Fook et al (2007:54) states that â€Å"depending on visual workshops students or people are more likely to remember colourful presentations and are drawn to them†. The poster was good it described the social work theory for practice and was clear and precise on the subject matter, but despite this I felt that the poster should have been more about the social work theory for practice than the subject depression. The arrangement of information was sufficient considering the information that had to be gathered but it would have been better to have less information on the poster. The poster illustrated clearly that the service user was the expert of their own recovery and this in turn empowered them in making good choices, this evidently highlights the advantages and disadvantages of the person-centred therapy. Trevithick (2012: 91) emphasised that social workers should work with service users holistically in order to get a better understanding of their life. Service users and carers express that the most essential quality they would appreciate from social workers is understanding and patience. This I believe was as a result of the fact that social work theories and service policies vary in their assumptions on the nature of service users, their problems, society and role of social workers. Whittington et al (1995:27) states that â€Å"when a social worker makes sense of a problem or issue he or she also makes certain assumptions†. This is subjectivist philosophy and works with free will. It deals with insider’s view, self determining ways and human nature for instance dealing with the relationship that the client has with the social world around them (Stepney et al 2000). The poster did not illustrate the advantages of the usage on the therapist this was due to limited space and only focusing on the service user. For instance a therapist may not feel weighed down while working with a service user who is aware and more positive this will empower the therapist as well as the service user. Rowe and Llic (2009) stated that â€Å"posters are brilliant way of tran sferring knowledge and suitable form of educational publication†. He further emphasised that people are more likely to be drawn to visual elements of a poster than the subject or content and it was essential for the author to include their name in order to effectively convey the educational subject matter. As a student social worker I have to critically analyse and appraise the social work theories there are six critical criteria’s namely; Subjectivist- objectivist = philosophical position, Theories of society= provides an explanation, Research and research evidence= provides evidence and credibility to theories, Ethics and theories of social justice =provides understanding against the BASW codes of ethics and values, Service user and carers perspective=an insider perspective and Model of practice= theories are in context. There are six theories in social work practice namely psychodynamic theory, Social learning theory, Theory of moral reasoning, systems theory, conflict theory and theories of cognition. The person-Centred approach was adopted work of the psychologist Dr Carl Rogers (1902-1987),the approach was psychotherapy and counselling. He believed that â€Å"the basic nature of the human being, when functioning freely, is constructive and trustworthy†(Rogers 1961:94). The Person-centred approach (PCA) â€Å"is an emotional and psychological approach to the person a ‘way of being’, from which perception of self, reality and behaviour may be reorganized. Its underlying principles are â€Å"the primacy of the actualizing tendency, the assertion of the necessity and sufficiency of the therapeutic conditions and the realization on the part of the therapist – of a non-directive attitude† (Rogers 1947). According to Thorne (1991:36) â€Å"one of the limitations of person-centred approach resides not in the approach itself, but in the limitations of particular therapists and their ability or lack of it to offer their service users the required environment for transformation and development†. Thorne on the other hand unreservedly accepted that in his own experience, there are particular kinds of service users who are unlikely to be much helped by the approach. Furthermore Christopher (1996:22) concurred that â€Å"there are sincere attempts to understand our own motivations, theories, service users are best achieved through considered and critical dialogue and reflection.† Nevertheless person-centered approach is very relevant in social work practice and this approach as â€Å"a psychosocial approach takes into account that people have both inner worlds and outer realities but the way we perceive the world sometimes differs from the way others see it† (Coulshed Orme, 2012:108). Trevithick (2012:124) stated that â€Å"person-centred approach was a well researched psychological approach that is based psychoanalysis-Freud (1856-1939), behaviourism based on theories of Pavlov (1927), Watson(1970),Skinner (1974)etc and humanistic psychology Carl Rogers(1902-1987) and Maslow (1973).† An internet search on PsycINFO revealed 612 educational journals on person-centred therapy of these 411where peer reviewed journals the data was gathered from a range of groups, ages and genders. The bulk of the studies demonstrated that person-centred approach is essentially effective in getting results with service users to transform their lives. There is research evidence on the use of person-centred approach or therapy in mental health settings with adults, children and older people. It is essential to note that despite the fact that it has been used in cognitive behaviour therapy has also shown that it is a successful implement. There are a number of other approaches for instance pharmacological, psychodynamic and psychoanalytical evidence has shown that as a course of action it is short term but it is better to have intervention than non at all. The observed research, analysis as well as other types of research are vital in appraising the social work theory for practice. Orme e t al (2010:159) stated that â€Å"when one finds research or peer reviewed journals there are questions to be asked for instance who owns the research and what their objective is†. In conclusion the making of the poster was a new experience for me but helped provide clarity on group dynamics, theory of practice related to the poster and social work practice.â€Å"The social work profession promotes social change, problem solving in human relationships and the empowerment and liberation of people to enhance well-being. Utilising theories of human behaviour and social systems, social work intervenes at the points where people interact with their environments. Principles of human rights and social justice are fundamental to social work.†(BASW 2012) APPENDIX 1 REFERENCES BASW 2012 Code of ethics Belbin, R, M. (1993) Team Roles at Work, Oxford; Heinemann Christopher, J.C. (1996) Counselors’ inescapable Moral visions Journal of Counseling and Development, 75, 17-24. Coulshed, V and Orme, J. (2006) Social work Practice, 4th Edition, and Palgrave Macmillan. Fook J and Gardner F (2007) Practising critical Reflection, A Resource Handbook, Open University Press. Healy, K. (2012) Social work methods and skills, the essential foundations of practice Palgrave Macmillan. Hogg, Micheal A, Vaughan, Graham, M. (2005) Social Psychology 4th Edition Pearson, Prentice Hall. Howe, D. (2009) A brief introduction to social work Theory.Basingstoke; Palgrave Macmillan. Orme J and Shemmings D (2010) Developing research based social work practice, Palgrave Macmillan. Payne, M. (1997) Modern social Work Theory, 2nd Edition, Basingstoke Macmillan Payne, M. (2005) Modern social Work Theory, 3rd Edition, Basingstoke Macmillan Rogers, C. R and Russell, D.E (2002) Carl Rogers: The Quiet Revolutionary – An Oral History. Roseville, CA: Penmarin Books Stepney P and Ford D (2000) Social Work Models, Methods and Theories, A framework for practice, Russell House Publishing. Stogdon C and Kiteley R (2010) Study skills for social workers, SAGE publications. Thompson N (2009) Understanding Social Work, 3rd edition, Palgrave Macmillan. Trevithick P (2012) Social Work Skills and Knowledge, a practice handbook, 3rd edition, Open University Press. Wilson K, Ruch G, Lymbery, M and Cooper A (2008) Social Work, An introduction to contemporary Practice, Ashford Colour Press Ltd.

Irony Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Irony is the use of words to express something other than and especially the opposite of the literal meaning. The book Great Expectation is all about the irony in the situations that a boy named Pip brings into the entire story. Pip is on a search through life to reach high expectations of what he wants from life, this leads him to having different relationships with the different characters. Each character leads him to an understanding of himself an ironic situation, which he doesn’t expect.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The main character Philip Pirip also known as Pip, goes through many learning experience with the other characters that he interacts with. Joe Gargery, and Pip had a unique relationship with each other. Joe gives Pip unconditional love that he lacks in his life. Joe is the only person who shows any kind of love to Pip, yet, when Pip is starting to move up in life he finds that Joe is an embarrassment to him because he is not of high class. He sacraficed himself just to be able to help out Pip when he needed him and he suffered silently for him. The ironic situation is that with all that Joe does, Pip does not realize that Joe is the one of few people who truely care about him and would sacrafice on his behalf, he cared and always looked out for Pip. Joe took care of him and gave him love, comfort and warmth, while Pip treated him coldly and hurt the one person who truely cared about him just beca...

African Americans in Civil War

When the Civil War began in 1861 it began for many political reasons all of the reasons were affected by slavery, but the war was not entirely about slavery. It is a belief that President Lincoln and the north started the war because they were fighting for slavery, but this common belief in not completely true. They fought to protect the Union. Because of the willingness of the African Americans to fight in the war they changed the idea of slavery and new reasons for the fighting of one of the bloodiest wars in the history of the world. African Americans changed the Civil War, consequently changing the world as we know it. At the beginning of the war the question was asked â€Å"†¦what shall be done with them [slaves]? † (Document A). Because the North/Union had only heard of blacks and slaves, they did not know what they should do with them in the war. This also shows that runway slaves were fleeing to the Union, but the Union did not have a policy for them. Because of the lack of a policy the U. S. Congress passed the Confiscation Act of 1861. The Act stripped the slaves owners of any claim to the slaves, but it did not explain whether the slaves were free or not. As a result, these slaves became property of the U. S. government. In a domino affect of the Confiscation Act, General David Hunter, of the Union Army, freed all slaves within his command, which consisted of Georgia, South Carolina, and Florida. Only about a week later did Lincoln rebuttal the order and slaves became property of the government again. During this same time there was a mass meeting of African Americans to discuss President Lincoln’s call for colonization of Blacks in Central America. (Document B). Also mentioned in this article is that there are millions of freed blacks, but most of them have moved to the Union side, which brings about the question â€Å"†¦what shall be done with them? † Although the war did not start as a war about slavery rather than to keep the Union, but that changed due to the Emancipation Proclamation which was passed by President Abraham Lincoln. This only freed slaves where the rebellion had already begun, but it also showed the moral side of the war. The blacks that were already freed were willing to fight in the war, and risk their lives for the Union. This dedication to the Union is shown in the picture of Lady Liberty and a wounded black solider (Document G). The freed slaves fought in the 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Regiment for the Union, which was an infantry group that was for all black men. They fought hard which caused Abraham Lincoln to continue with his plans to free all slaves. (Document C). At the beginning of the war the slavery was an issue, but it wasn’t the reason the men were fighting for. However, due to the courage of the 54th Massachusetts Regiment and other brave soldiers it became a moral war rather than political. African Americans involvement in the Civil War helped shift it to a war for freedom of millions of slaves. Without the brave acts of many men and war hero’s this may not have been a strongly pushed issue by the leaders. The war went through an evolution due to the freed blacks. The country was changed forever because of the strong beliefs of many people in that era.

Emotional Memory Essay

Emotional memory pertains to an individual’s recollection of incidents that have occurred in the past. The mechanism behind such strong retention is mainly based on the emotions that are associated with that particular event, resulting in a increased level of attention that facilitates encoding of the event in the memory of an individual. Emotional memory is also involved in ruminations of the occurrence, regardless of the length of time that has already passed away since the actual event. This kind of memory can be distinguished from other neurobiological concepts of memory because its retention is very strong due to the influence of emotions, which technically magnifies details of the incident. Research has shown that emotional memory is imprinted in the cortical region of the brain. This description is supported by observations that several neural activities occur in the cortex, thus facilitating memory retention. Several studies have indicated that emotional memory involves two major processes, namely encoding and post-encoding. The first process of encoding involves the heightened level of attention of an individual during the actual event, while post-encoding pertains to the consolidation of the details of the event after the actual incident, coupled with enhancement that is triggered by the emotions that were set off at that time. One prime example of an emotional memory is the vivid recall of an accident that is associated with physical injury and blood. Regardless of the length of time that the incident has occurred, the individual who was involved in the accident is still capable of remembering the accident even after several years. One complication of emotional memory is that an individual finds it difficult to dissociate his emotions with regards to a particular incident. It is thus extremely hard for an individual to go back to the site of an accident if this person almost died at that time. It has been suggested that evolution also plays a role in emotional memory, wherein the brain of human beings has acquired the capacity to retain details of an event in order to survive that particular incident. It may thus be possible that through fear, early primates and other higher mammals may have learned to stay away from predators and other harmful environmental components in order to survive in the wild. These species may have adapted such modes of memory by being subjected to extreme discomfort or pain that is related to incidents such as toxin exposure or predation and thus their perception for harmful conditions may have been imprinted in their brains and possibly passed on to their offspring. The exact mechanism behind the retrieval of memories associated with a particular incident based on emotional settings still remains elusive up to this date. The unique feature of storage for a prolonged period of time further complicates the pathway and several analysts have attempted to address this question. Neurobiologists have suggested that emotional memory may be act as a complete process unless an individual is able to retrieve the information associated with a specific incident in the past. Storage of information, or encoding, is simply one component of the entire emotional memory pathway yet the retrieval of specific information is essential in determining that the entire process has been completed. It has also been suggested that emotional memory is easier to access over the neutral events, and this is also partly due to the role of amygdala, which influences how the hippocampus functions at such events. In addition to the emotional influence, sleep also sways the brain to remember specific incidents, wherein the amount of sleep can result in a positive or negative condition for memory. According to Sterpenic et al. (2007), memory is influenced by sleep through the imposition of neural correlates. Through the application of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), a comparison of neural connections was examined among subjects who were able to sleep for a sufficient amount of time and those who were deprived of sleep. The investigation was designed towards a stage wherein the subjects were allowed to undergo post-encoding, which is one of the two stages of emotional memory. The investigation showed that subjects who received enough hours of sleep had the ability to remember the positive events that occurred. On the other hand, an interesting observation came from those subjects who were subjected to a particular negative event. They observed that regardless of sufficiency or lack of sleep, the subject participant was able to retain the details of the negative event, most probably through the characteristic emotion that was generated from the negative stimuli. Another observation gathered by neurobiologists regarding emotional memory was that several regions of the brain were responsible in retaining such details and emotions. The two major brains areas involved in emotional memory were the hippocampus and the cortex. Specific regions of the cortex that were responsible for emotional memory included the prefrontal cortex, which is also involved in criminality. It seems that negative emotions, such as that involved in emotional memory, are largely stored in this region of the brain. Moreover, fMRI scanning showed a functional connection between these two regions of the brain and the combinatorial effect of these regions was magnified when the incident is featured with negative stimuli or emotions. It is interesting to know that sleep may also have a selective effect on the memory of an individual. The amygdala was observed to only stimulate the hippocampus for encoding when a negative event has occurred and this happens with or without sleep. On the other hand, a happy incident will only be stored in the hippocampus if an individual receives enough sleep. Such selective storage of details may be largely influenced by emotions during that particular event, and not simply by the amount of time that an individual was able to sleep. Such kinds of research investigations are thus important in the providing a better understanding of how emotions influence an individual’s memory and ultimately, one’s mental condition. It has also been shown that emotions play a major role in the storage of details in the brain. In an investigation that involved manipulation of the context of emotion of subject participants, the activity of the neural networks in the brain was examined. A specific memory tested also allowed the comparison of retrieval capacities of the brain and the research conducted by Smith et al. (2005) showed that the presence of emotions increased the likelihood that an individual will retain the details of the incident. The emotional memory tested in this study showed that the actual area of brain involved in this mechanism is the left side of the amygdala, as well as the left side of the frontotemporal region of the cortex. The study also showed that the right side of the amydala and the frontotemporal cortex was not capable enough of storing details of a specific incident, regardless of its coupling to emotions. It is thus possible that when an individual has damaged the left side of his brain, then it is impossible for him to recall any other details of his past. It should also be understood that cognition is mainly based on memory as well as emotion, yet for several yesterday there were not attempts performed into looking into the finer details of the pathway. In addition, there were also only a few reported regarding the interaction of the amygdala and the cortex and on how these two regions responded to each other’s messages. The advent of high definition imaging technologies such as the magnetic resonance imaging allowed the visualization of internal regions of the brain that were perceived to be unreachable by an other analytical means. References Smith, A. P. , Henson, R. N. , Rugg, M. D. and Dolan, R. J. (2005). Modulation of retrieval processing reflects accuracy of emotional source memory. Learning and Memory, 12, 472–479. Sterpenich, V. , Albouy, G. , Boly, M. , Vandewalle, G. , Darsaud, A. , Balteau, E. , Dang-Vu, T. T. , Desseilles. M. , D’Argembeau, A. , Gais, S. , Rauchs, G. , Schabus, M. , Degueldre, C. , Luxen, A. , Collette, F. , Maquet, P. (2007). Sleep-related hippocampo-cortical interplay during emotional memory recollection. PloS Bi

Jawahar Lal Chaudhry

Sunita Jawahar  Lal Chaudhry&Associates are in practice since 1998.the firm was started by CA Sunita Juneja and her father Mr. Jawahar Lal Chaudhry who is an advocate of income tax department. At first they started their office in their house but now they have their main office in Krishna market, rajpura.CA Sunita Juneja is in practice since 1998.she joined her father Mr. Jawahar Lal Chaudhry who was an advocate and now these both are running the firm fomore than 18 years. As we know that Partners are the founders of the firms and the name are associated to them only they are the main parties who issues or signs any report and all the inquiry is made by them in our firm. In our firm Mrs Sunita Juneja and Mr. Jawaharlal Chaudhary are the two partners who started the firm. The firm represents the combination of specialized skills, which offers sound financial advice and proper services. They have the good customer relation and all the work is been completed by them on time. There is proper management for handling of the work and proper managing because of which no confusion is being created. There is proper infrastructure and various departments for proper handling of the work. Both the partners of the firm have the good experience and as a result there is goodwill of them in the market. All the work carried here is according to the rules and regulations which are passed by the government .They audit various good firms in Rajpura .Some of them are alcon cables, aneja plywood etc. 1.2 About the projectStudy of internal auditing as a tool for companies performance was completely a new project idea which I got through the Chitkara University. As we all know auditing is the most important part of the company as it maintains the system of the internal control to attain the objectives and moreover for the smooth running of the company auditing is necessary.Internal audit is a consultant activity which designs to add some value in the organization. Basically internal auditing is the integral part in the companies. They provide various services to the companies like prevention of the fraud. As we all know that many frauds are taking place for example like misuse of company credit cards etc. So internal auditing keeps the check on the financial resources so that there is no misuse of the company resources.It is also helps to monitor the internal controls by designing the proper credit policy so that there is no bad debt. Internal audit also consists of the operational audit which means that to look that whether the organization is operating at maximum efficiency or not For the proper working of the organization and for the sound financial system there should be proper check on the organization which can be done through internal auditing. 2.2) Report on internship 2.1) About the firm I did my internship under chartered accountant Sunita Jawaharlal Chaudhary and associates in rajpura.All of my fellow worker were cooperative and were ready to help each other. There was proper management structure. The infrastructure of the firm was also quite good. There was proper working of computers and equipments were used according to the latest technology. By working under the chartered accountant firm not only gives us additional knowledge but also helped me to apply my academic knowledge into the practical world. It is one of the reputed firm in the rajpura and also audit good firms in rajpura.

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Japanese Tea House Architecture Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Japanese Tea House Architecture - Research Paper Example One would think that, with the profound implication of the tea ceremonies, that the tea houses would be elaborate. Actually, just the opposite is true – the houses are austere, simple. The features of the houses afford a way for the guests to hide from the outside world. This is because, as the opening sentence stated, they house another world, another reality. After all, the participants in the house, noblemen, peasant, warrior alike, are all equal. This is indicative of an alternate reality. Also, the ceremonies are a way for the people to leave their real life behind, and concentrate only on the moment. The tea house thus serves the same function as the tea ceremonies themselves – they are a way, if only for a few hours, to destroy class structure and the real world. Tea ceremonies came about through the practice of Buddhist Monks who needed to stay awake during their meditations, and later became a part of Zen rituals in honor of Bodhidharma, the Zen monks first patriarch.1 From this, the tea ceremonies became a place where friends gathered to discuss certain objects and their artistic merits, such as various paintings and calligraphy, flower arrangements and the utensils used for these ceremonies. 2 The tea host himself had to be adept at certain knowledge, such as what scrolls to hang during the ceremony, and the meaning of these scrolls, which presumed knowledge of classical literature.3 He also must have been conversant about the articles that are either displayed or used in the tea ceremony: utensils, the flowers, the distinction of the burning incense, the incense burner itself, the dipping ladle, the water heater vessel and the tea container. 4 He must have known the protocol of the ceremony – greeting and conversing with guests p roperly and the manners and courtesies that must be observed. In short, the tea host, or tea master, must have been cognizant of Japanese culture, as these ceremonies

Medical negligence litigation Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

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Development of an Assessment Plan for the Howard Univ College of Article

Development of an Assessment Plan for the Howard Univ College of Liberal Arts Undergraduate Program - Article Example The mission of the Howard University College of Liberal Arts is to provide its graduates with an education that is rooted in â€Å"Pursuit of knowledge, social justice, artistic expression and intellectual freedom† (Howard University, 2013). It seeks to foster creative and critical thinking in artistic and scholarly arenas. Furthermore, it intends on providing solutions to human and social problems. Nurturing cultural diversity is part of its mission. The College intends on building responsibility towards the global community. The assessment plan will dwell on measurement of critical thinking and oral and written communication skills. Since critical thinking has been mentioned as one of the goals in the Liberal Arts College, then the analysis will openly indicate whether this goal is being achieved. Measurement of written and oral communication skills will assist in artistic expression as well as creativity, which are all cited in the College’s mission. They will contri bute towards achievement of the knowledge, intellectual freedom and social justice goals, as well. ... Technical correctness is not such a valuable trait, and using curriculum-specific tests would reinforce it. Instead of such an approach, students need to be tested on their ability to inquire and question various situations. Critical thinking, oral and written communication skills are the parameters that are most relevant to rational inquiry. 2. Tools and Instruments for assessment i) CLA CLA (Collegiate Learning Assessment) is designed to measure a range of tertiary competencies that include problem solving, written communication competencies, analytic reasoning and critical thinking. The measurement of such broad abilities makes the assessment applicable to almost all types of colleges. Furthermore, the measures cut across different disciplines. One should note that this is not an assessment of intellect or any content abilities. The test is designed in such a way that it gives students holistic tasks to which they must respond. Some of the tasks may focus on written communication while others dwell on work sample performance. Usually, those questions come from real-world scenarios such as education, policy and daily work practice. The concerned students must employ analytic and critical thinking skills in the situation. They must them communicate these decisions in proper written English and then justify their choices (Hatfield, 2009). Usually, the test is administered online and the responses to the essay-type questions will be scored online through particular software. Humans need to participate in marking the performance- type questions. However, they must have undergone thorough training so as to grade the answers on the basis of certain standards. An example of a task is the argument type assignment, which asks

Two Descriptions Essay Example for Free

Two Descriptions Essay Description 1: Positive The new city pool was packed with eager patrons. Some stood in line for the massive water slide they’d been waiting all winter to try. Others took turns jumping from the diving boards. Small children splashed and slapped at the water in the wading pool, their mothers never far from reach. Laughter mingled in the air with the smell of buttery popcorn. Occasionally, a surprised scream would erupt, followed by the telltale splash of someone having been pushed into the pool by a friend. Hot afternoon sunlight glistened on the water. Sunbathers stretched and napped on large beach towels. Off to the side, a father and son sat under the food pavilion sharing an ice cream cone. Description 2: Negative The new city pool was at its maximum capacity with 75 patrons packed inside. Impatient children groaned while they waited in a long, snaking line for the massive water slide. A parade of people jumped from two diving boards. Most of these uncoordinated attempts ended in belly flops. Small children squealed, piercing the air with either excitement or horror at the notion of having to get wet. The stench of fried foods and chlorination permeated the air. Mothers chased their unruly offspring all over the burning concrete just to slather on one more pat of sunscreen. The hot afternoon sun cast a blinding white light over the surface of the pool. Sunbathers in a variety of shapes and sizes lay about on beach towels like lazy farm animals. A few feet away, a father and son sat under the food pavilion sharing an ice cream cone. It dripped a sugary liquid onto the concrete. Ants were already making their way to the fresh mess. Analysis Strategy two can be found in the way the long line for the water slide is mentioned in the second description, but not in the first. In description one, the object for which people were waiting was emphasized. In description two, the long line itself was stated. Strategy two was again used at the end of both descriptions. In the first, the reader is left with the sweet impression of a father and son enjoying a special moment. In the second, the reader is left with the image of bugs invading what would have otherwise been a great family moment. The use of strategy three is evident in the way the smell of the air is revealed. In the first description, it is made to sound delicious (â€Å"the smell of buttery popcorn†). In the second, the smell is referred to as a â€Å"stench†. Strategy four was implemented when describing the sunbathers. Description one emphasizes the large towels, while description two suggests the sizes of the sunbathers themselves are large, like â€Å"lazy farm animals.† Strategy five can be seen in description two when fun and games is suggested through â€Å"a friend† being placed at the end of the lengthy sentence. In description two, the diving board experience is accentuated in a negative way via short sentence structure in the line, â€Å"most of these uncoordinated attempts ended in belly flops†. The most important thing learned while completing this exercise is that attention must be paid to how a writer describes something if he or she is to successfully convey the intended tone.