Essay about Medias Effect on Societys Perspectives

More so than any other aspects of modern life, the mass media determines the public opinions on issues in the United States and around the world. Many different forms of media exist in developed nations along with many assessments about each of these innovations and their respective impacts on society. As with all sociological issues, there exist four major divisions of perspective: the interactionalist, functionalist, feminist, and conflict theorists. Each of these groups shares a few opinion connections with the others but all employ their own unequivocal views which establish them distinctly from one another. From Johannes Gutenbergs printing press ushering in the Renaissance to Timothy Berners-Lees—the MIT professor often†¦show more content†¦Another positively perceived postulation by interactionalists also starts with the television but for younger viewers; interactionalists consider certain programming for children as possibly doubling in use as a playmate/babysitter. Despite disagreements between the overall effects of early childhood television viewing, it seems that nearly every expert suggests very limited time allotments for children. Functionalist theorists, especially, worry about the impact violent TV shows and twenty thousand commercials per year have on children at the elementary school age. The twenty thousand commercials seem almost moot when compared to the amount of product placement throughout the history of television and movies. Sometimes the promotion of consumption goes unnoticed—takes place subliminally—while other times, the programming has much more obvious advertising. The media effect that probably most concerns functionalists however, stems from an overabundance of forced news. â€Å"Narcotizing Dysfunction† refers to this phenomenon by which one becomes desensitized to certain stories due to copious news coverage. On the surface, desensitization may not sound like a horrible thing but when wholly examined, one can see that narcotizing dysfunction leads to inactivity on the part of someone who could potentially help an issue. The reason forShow MoreRelatedMedias Effect on Societys Perspectives Essay1559 Words   |  7 Pagesaround the world. Many different forms of media exist in developed nations along with many assessments about each of these innovations and their respective impacts on society. As with all sociological issues, there exist four major divisions of perspective: the interactionalist, functionalist, feminist, and conflict theorists. Each of these groups shares a few opinion connections with the others but all employ t heir own unequivocal views which establish them distinctly from one another. From JohannesRead MoreMedias Effect on Societys Perspectives Essay1910 Words   |  8 Pagesaround the world. Many different forms of media exist in developed nations along with many assessments about each of these innovations and their respective impacts on society. As with all sociological issues, there exist four major divisions of perspective: the interactionalist, functionalist, feminist, and conflict theorists. Each of these groups shares a few opinion connections with the others but all employ their own unequivocal views which establish them distinctly from one another. From JohannesRead MoreThe Media s Influence On Society s Attitude Toward Pointing Out An Apparent Ongoing Struggle Between Whites And Blacks1668 Words   |  7 Pagesracism doesn’t exist, or imply that racist-motivated incidents don’t occur; however, the media’s representation of the news strongly influences society’s attitude towards racism. Chapter eleven in â€Å"Introduction to Sociology†, by OpenStax states that â€Å"issues of race and ethnicity can be observed through three major sociological perspectives†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (237). Interactionism is the first of these theoretical perspectives. According the book, â€Å"†¦some interactionists propose that the symbols of race, not raceRead MoreMedia and Politics: Agenda Setting and Framing Essay examples863 Words   |  4 Pagescoverage influences the importance of political issues on society. The ranking of media issues and societys ranking suggest that the media influence the public (Weaver, 1996). The importance of an issue may rests on its time slot, sequence in the news story, or in the advertisement for the news. Another way media frames political issues is inserting medias own position on the issue. The medias position tends to be more liberal and promotes more democratic policies and issues. This bias coverageRead More Media And Politics: Agenda Setting And Framing Essay871 Words   |  4 Pagesnews coverage influences the importance of political issues on society. The ranking of media issues and society’s ranking suggest that the media influence the public (Weaver, 1996). The importance of an issue may rests on its time slot, sequence in the news story, or in the advertisement for the news. Another way media frames political issues is inserting media’s own position on the issue. The media’s position tends to be more liberal and promotes more democratic policies and issues. This bias coverageRead MoreThe Agenda Setting Theory On The Public Agenda1076 Words   |  5 Pagescomprehensive analysis of the agenda-setting theory, agenda setting includes three levels or psychological processes: basic agenda setting, attribute agenda setting and network agenda setting. History of Agenda Setting Theory The media’s power in influencing public opinion has sparked the theory that we now know as agenda setting. In 1922 this concept was first investigated by newspaper columnist Walter Lippman (Wahl-Jorgensen and Hanitzsch, 2009, pp.147). Since then Drs. MaxwellRead MoreThe Effects Of Digital Media On Society s Media1714 Words   |  7 PagesIt is undeniable that the society is experiencing a mediated culture, where mass media have direct effects on our society. Newspapers, magazines, radios, and televisions constantly give out messages to promote products, attitudes, and ideas in an attempt to influence audiences. The effect is further enhanced when digital media, particularly the Internet, enters the competition for the limited supply of audience attention. The saturated mass media industry no longer has the benefit of reach it usedRead MoreThe Role Of Social Media On Women1001 Words   |  5 Pagesnegative comments. Likewise, society implies that women should act and dress feminine which causes long term damage by women constructing a habit of fear or judgment and consequently perceiving it as normal for society to stress their expectations. Media’s viewpoint is focused on physical and emotional appearance in public. In other words, acting sentimental or fragile and speaking lovely according to society invokes labels on what a true women is; beauty in women is equal to femininity. Women shouldRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Banned?1580 Words   |  7 Pagescausing serious mental health issues such as paranoia†, he said. The kids have no problem getting it, he said. A lot of them describe themselves as being superman [on ice], he said. The price is going down and the quality is going up. However the Media’s representation of the drug and regarding young people make it seem as if there is a crisis forming the media is often to be accused of brain washing society through the descr iptive ways of labelling different groups of society however Australia isRead MoreHow Media Affects Society Essay938 Words   |  4 Pageshappening in other parts of the world. Just as important as the facts the media chooses to reveal, the tone and manner in which the media presents these facts plays a large role on societys take on events. The tone in which the media presents the facts in can be hostile, neutral or in favour. The tone can affect societys view on the situation, resulting in either a positive or negative reaction. As seen on May 10th when thousands of Tamils met on Torontos Gardiner Expressway, for almost 4 hours

Essay on Postmodernism and Social Praxis - 4522 Words

Postmodernism and Social Praxis Whereas the interpreter is obliged to go to the depth of things, like an excavator, the moment of interpretation [genealogy] is like an overview, from higher and higher up, which allows the depth to be laid out in front of him in a more and more profound visibility; depth is resituated as an absolutely superficial secret.(18) So those are the changes, and I try to show those changes...(19) In Communities of Resistance and Solidarity, as well as in A Feminist Ethic of Risk, Sharon D. Welch sets forth a liberation theology in which the deconstructive processes of Michel Foucault are key. Her theology is an amalgam of Foucaults poststructuralist concepts and liberation theologys action-oriented†¦show more content†¦How effective are Foucaults methods, never intended for practical use, for Welchs liberation theology? The purpose of this paper is to examine these questions and the accuracy of Welchs treatment of Foucaults concepts by exploring the relevant works of Sharon Welch and the works of Foucault referenced therein. In Communities of Resistance and Solidarity, Welch presents an adamant argument for the similarities between the work of Michel Foucault and the work of liberation theologians before her. Welch claims not only to possess Foucaults suspicious awareness, or skepticism, as she refers to it, but also claims its absolute necessity for her theology (85). She attempts to be true to Foucaults methods: skepticism is the engine for the vehicle of continuing analyses. However, Welch fails to acknowledge the radical nature of Foucaults concept of skepticism, as opposed to the concept she utilizes for her theology. Foucaults is a drastic suspicion, a total and continuous skepticism which repeatedly serves as an alarm to the genealogist. Its purpose is to make the scholar cognizant of the undeniable link between power and knowledge. It is a reminder that there exists no absolute Truth on which a discourse confidently may be established. In Madness and Civilization: A History of Insanity in the Age of Reason, Foucault traces the history of what is deemed the liberation of the insane in a manner which supports this theory. He documents the work of Pinel andShow MoreRelatedContemporary Art And Artistic Practices1465 Words   |  6 Pagesto support discourse such as democracy, equality, social justice among other, from the 1960s on a explicit way. Even less, this â€Å"social turn† , understood as an ethical shift by artist and critics who focus their attention on the aspect of social usefulness of the art practices, characterized by an increase of art projects that emphasize participation, dialogue and community engagement to activate the public sphere attempting to offer new social models to live together; appear like a leitmotif alongRead MoreKarl Marx s Theory Of Society1450 Words   |  6 Pagessociologist who was trying to look at society and how it can function in a new way. Marx’s was a German social philosopher, cultural commentator, and was political ac tivist. He developed the terms â€Å"Conflict Theory† and â€Å"Marxism†. To start off with conflict theory is defined as a paradigm that see social conflict as the basis of society, social change and emphases a materialist view of society. Social inequality which is the unequal distribution of wealth, power, and among prestige members of societyRead MoreChristian Ethics in a Postmodern World Essay example6531 Words   |  27 PagesPOSTMODERN WORLD The Rise of Postmodernity Since Federico de Onis’s use of the term ‘postmodernismo’ to describe the Spanish and Latin-American poetry of 1905-1914 which had reacted against the ‘excess’ of modernism in 1934, (Rose 1991: 171) â€Å"Postmodernism† became very popular. It has been used in the fields of art (Christo-Bakargiev 1987), architecture (Pevsner 1967), literature (Hassan 1971), video, economics, films (James 1991), ideology (Larrain 1994: 90-118), theology (Tilley at al 1995), andRead MoreDomain Of Knowledge And Skill Mastered By Men3135 Words   |  13 Pagesdirectly or indirectly related. The sociological aspect of the division of the genders is set clearly by Pierre Bourdieu in Masculine Domination , explaining in depth the domination of the male in a societal context and the position of women in this praxis. Where Bourdieu focuses on the male, Nancy Chodorow in The Reproduction of Mothering analyses how women come to mother nowadays, asking in what ways soc iety can transform the sexual division of labor in which women mother. Bridget Fowler andRead MoreThe Development Of Classical Sociological Theory On The Enlightenment And The Emerging Conditions Of Industrial Civilization3033 Words   |  13 Pageswhich was perceived from others. This can be looked as a critique of history as it has already been understood. Marx is stating that we need to have a new understanding of social forces and labor antagonism. Rather than history being defined as a contextual determination of what is currently happening but rather analyze it is a social construction. This coined the phrase ‘idealistic humbug’ was is synonymous with German Ideology. The modes of production that are giving way to these new found ideasRead MoreAndrogynous Pauline: Queering Gendering Expressions in 1 Thessalonians 2:1-122023 Words   |  9 Pages440.J1 03.11.13 Androgynous Pauline: Queering Gender Expressions in 1 Thessalonians 2:1-12 Introduction At Abilene Christian University, the predominating discourse towards biblical exegesis circulates around two methodologies, the synchronic (social-rhetorical) and diachronic (historical-critical) approaches.1 Although both methods are required for valid exegesis, the tendency to gloss over nontraditional hermeneutics could tentatively result in detrimental ministry, specifically to nontraditionalRead MoreStrategic Management and Michael Porter: a Postmodern Reading7507 Words   |  31 Pagesimpersonal financial calculation because of our social embeddedness. Economic behaviour is embedded in a network of social relations; families, the state, professions. These networks influence both the means and the ends of action, defining what is appropriate and reasonable behaviour for their members. Thus, personal histories which include educational background, religion, gender, family position, and ethnicity all shape economic activity. This social constructivist view suggests that the normsRead MoreBook Review of Jim Collins Good to Great2143 Words   |  9 Pagesthe dramaturgy allows an individual to view social interactions as a presentation, or an act, between two actors. Dramaturgy in symbolic interactionism requires the actors or individuals to interpret and agree about symbols during the interaction (Goffman, 1959). Another philosophy that lying within the work of Collins is the idea of political philosophy that is common on the organizations. The individual participation and all human activities have a social aspect in that people engage in them togetherRead MoreWhat Does Organizational Change Mean?17842 Words   |  72 Pagesaccounting is taken for granted and is poorly understood. Latour contends that ignorance of key concepts in scientific analysis is commonplace: We know very little about what causes sciences, technologies, organizations and economies. Open books on social science and epistemology, and you will see how they use the adjectives and adverbs ‘abstract’, ‘rational’, ‘systematic’, ‘universal’, ‘total’, ‘complex’. Look for the ones that try to explain the nouns ‘abstraction’, ‘rationality’, ‘systems’, ‘universe’Read MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesthe case with the present book. This is a book that deserves to achieve a wide readership. Professor Stephen Ackroyd, Lancaster University, UK This new textbook usefully situates organization theory within the scholarly debates on modernism and postmodernism, and provides an advanced introduction to the heterogeneous study of organizations, including chapters on phenomenology, critical theory and psychoanalysis. Like all good textbooks, the book is accessible, well researched and readers are encouraged

Psalms, the author in queston Essay Example For Students

Psalms, the author in queston Essay There are 150 psalms in the Book of Psalms that were written over the span of 800 years. Most of the Psalms written were made to be sung. There are two main genres of Psalms, which are laments and hymns. David is know to have written 73 psalms, Asaph wrote 12, the sons of Korah wrote 11, Solomon wrote 2, Moses wrote 1 and 50 are anonymous . Although 50 were anonymous, David was certainly the author of the majority of the Psalms. The title of the Psalm is not always a direct indicator of who the author was because the preposition of, to, and for. They are all the same in Hebrew. For example, if the title of the psalm was Psalm of David it could have been a psalm that he wrote himself. It also could have been one that was written for him, Psalm for David or it could have been a song dedicated to him, Psalm to David. The most natural thing to assume however is that the titles do indicate authorship because if the psalm was written by David then his name would be on it as the author(Hall ey, 247). If the psalm was written to David it would include Davids name, but it could also include the name of the author. David is said to be the principle author for psalms. The purpose of the Psalms that David wrote was to sing praises to God and give God the glory for all of his creations. David also wrote songs of lament, as did many of the other psalmists. Psalm 15 is an entrance liturgy because it follows a simple question and answer form. Many of the Psalms are written in this format . Thomas Jefferson called this psalm the picture of a true gentleman . Psalm 15 is a Davidic psalm and a perfect picture of what a true citizen of Zion, the City of David, should be. When David was writing this poem he focused on who may dwell in the Lords Sanctuary in the city of Zion. This Psalm explains who is worthy to be a guest of the Lord. The psalmist delineated the flawless character of one who is fit to worship in the Lords Sanctuary. David asked the spiritual question of who could wo rship in Gods dwelling place (Pfeiffer,573). He then went on to describe what kind of person is capable of going to the temple on the holy hill. Psalms 15 starts out with two simple questions. The psalmist asks God who is worthy to abide in Gods tent and who is worthy to dwell on Gods holy hill. In the first question it is important to note that the psalmist is not talking about an actual tent that a family would reside in. The psalmist is asking who is worthy to enter Gods holy place known as the temple. At this time in the ancient world a tent was used as Gods holy place, and this tent was located on the holy hill. The psalmist also asks in verse 1 who may go on the holy hill where the temple is located. It seems as though the psalmists would actually like to go to this holy place for themselves but is reserved about actually going because he knows that God has strict limitations as to who can actually enter the holy temple. The next part of the psalm directly answers the two questions asked in verse 1. In verse 2 the David gives a general answer of the type of person that is able to dwell in Gods place. In later verses the psalmist goes on to describe in detail exactly what kind of person will be admitted into the temple located on Zion . Verse 2 states that the acceptable person is one who can walk blamelessly, do what is right, and a person who speaks the truth. This answer is very general, but it does a great job of explaining what kind of person can enter the temple. It does not mention that the person who wants to enter the temple has to be completely perfect. That is an important thing because no human is perfect and if it took perfection to worship in the temple, it would be an empty place. This answer to what kind of person may enter is just explaining that at the point of entrance into the temple it is necessary for all wrong doings to have been forgiven and all sins to have been repented of. N o man can walk blameless all the time, mankind as a whole has a sinful nature and that nature keeps us away from God, the psalmist in his wisdom asks God directly, what can man do to enter Gods tabernacle? In the following verses 3-5a a very specific description of the type of man that is allowed into Gods tent is given. A person who does not slander is the first attribute mentioned. This is probably mentioned first because the tongue, where slander comes from is a direct representation of what is in a persons heart and with an unclean heart it is impossible to commune with God. Next it mentions a person that does no evil to their neighbor. This is just an obvious extinction of the golden rule. Do unto others as you would have them do unto you. A person who is evil toward their neighbor is treating one of Gods creations with disrespect, therefore showing no respect to God. This is a reason not to let an evil person on to the holy hill where the temple is located. In verse 4 is goes on to describe a person that despises the wicked. It is important to note here that no wicked person could ever be in the presence of God. A person that despises wicked people is obviously the type of human that can be with God. Making a judgment about other peoples character is a hard thing to do. However when a person or neighbor is wicked, it should be easily recognizable and in verse 4 it explains that it is necessary to make this character judgment in order to commune with God. The second part of verse 4 explains that if the wicked are despised than naturally those who fear God will be honored. Admiring people that honor God and that have good morals will help an individual grow in their personal walk with God. The third part of verse 4 leaves the character judgment idea and moves on to good business practices. Standing by an oath even when that promise will hurt, is a very hard thing to do. According to this verse living up to a given word is as important part of being able to enter Gods temple. This may be one of the hardest things on the list of attributes given in Psalms 15. In todays life this would be the equivalent of never declaring bankruptcy and living up to every promise ever made. This is obviously a very hard thing to do, but it is important to be perfect in the eyes of God before entering the temple on the holy hill . Verse 5 stays on the topic of moral business practices by beginning with who do not lend money at interest is an unbelievably hard concept to grasp. In todays society lending money without interest is unheard of. Many people make suitable livings lending money to others in return for interest. In this passage it clearly states not to charge people interest when money is lent. The next part of the verse is a little easier to comprehend. Not taking a bribe is something that any individual who calls themselves Godly would not do. So what is given here is the direct answer of what type of person can dwell in Gods Holy Place. A per son who is blameless and does right, speaks the truth, does not slander, and do not do evil to their friends. They also do not take reproach from their neighbor, a person who despises the wicked, honors people who fear the Lord, keeps their word, and has excellent moral business practices. The end of verse 5 does give assurance that if a person can manage to do all these things they will not be moved. This is a promise that once a person is in the presence of the Lord then they are safe and will enjoy the comfort of the lord . .u04ace00630a491e7a43f5f323bbea93a , .u04ace00630a491e7a43f5f323bbea93a .postImageUrl , .u04ace00630a491e7a43f5f323bbea93a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u04ace00630a491e7a43f5f323bbea93a , .u04ace00630a491e7a43f5f323bbea93a:hover , .u04ace00630a491e7a43f5f323bbea93a:visited , .u04ace00630a491e7a43f5f323bbea93a:active { border:0!important; } .u04ace00630a491e7a43f5f323bbea93a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u04ace00630a491e7a43f5f323bbea93a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u04ace00630a491e7a43f5f323bbea93a:active , .u04ace00630a491e7a43f5f323bbea93a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u04ace00630a491e7a43f5f323bbea93a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u04ace00630a491e7a43f5f323bbea93a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u04ace00630a491e7a43f5f323bbea93a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u04ace00630a491e7a43f5f323bbea93a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u04ace00630a491e7a43f5f323bbea93a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u04ace00630a491e7a43f5f323bbea93a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u04ace00630a491e7a43f5f323bbea93a .u04ace00630a491e7a43f5f323bbea93a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u04ace00630a491e7a43f5f323bbea93a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Aenied EssayThis is a very long list for one person to be able to accomplish. It is funny that this list is given in Psalms. It seems like it would only be possible to have all of these attributes through the blood of Christ covering up the wrong doings, but Jesus has not come to earth in this part of the bible, so it leaves the question, how can any sinful person do all of these things? In the Old Testament it was necessary to give a blood offering to God in order to cover up sins. The only way for a person in the Old Testament to commune with God was after they gave a sacrifice. Jesus was the ultimate sacrifice and after he died it was no longer necessary to give these b lood offerings to commune with God. Jesus was know to be very fond of the Psalms and often taught out of them for a very good reason. BibliographyCoogan, Michael, Marc Brettler, Carol Newman, and Pheme Perkins, ed. The New Oxford Annotated Bible. 3rd ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001. Halley, Henry. Halleys Bible Handbook. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan Publishing House, 1927. Mays, James. Psalms. Interpretation, A Bible Commentary for Teaching and Preaching. Louisville : John Knox Press, 1994. Pfeiffer, C.F. The Wycliffe Bible commentary: Old Testament (Ps 15:1-5). Chicago: Moody Press, 1962. Reyburn, William, and Robert Brancher. A Translators Handbook on the Book of Psalms. New York: United Bible Societies, 1991. The New Interpeters Bible; A Commentary in Twelve Volumes. Nashville: Abingon Press, 1996. Walvoord, J.F. The Bible knowledge commentary: An exposition of the Scriptures (Ps 15:1-5). Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, (1983-c1985).

Personal Look Unto Wellness Essays - DraftCarson Hill,

Personal Look unto Wellness A personal look into wellness When I am not feeling well I find relief and comfort talking to my girlfriend. Occasionally I may think of topics such as my future and particular things I want to achieve and I fluster myself with over exaggerated thought with issues like college and school and people and everything else thats happening at that moment in my life, but talking to my girlfriend allows me to release any anxiety that I may posses created by the persons around me and places order back into my thinking. When I talk, she listens with a glowing understanding and she always suggests ideas that may help solve my problem or piece back together my disarray of thought. Since the time I began to confide in her about my most personal upsets she has become not only girlfriend but my best friend as well. Being with her allows me to experience a closeness that I have never experienced with anyone. She is the one person that can make me feel better and happier about myself. She helps me forget about problems that dont need to be worried about by just being and talking with her. To me she is that one very special person that I love. The feeling of love for her is a deep, passionate, caring, understanding, and unconditional love. Ph.D. Shelly Wu of the university of Pennsylvania says that love is an intense feeling for a certain person or thing. In my opinion love is truly indefinable in the sense that I cannot explain or break down the exact way I feel for my girlfriend. I do not disagree that it can be described, but to truly know love is to love and by loving, you will undoubtedly be loved in return. You might not achieve the classical sense of, that special someone love, but you can find love in friends and family which is another form of love and it can all be just as fulfilling just as long as you committed to loving. As long as it is understood that love is not just a four-letter word or trait but more of a mutual connection between two people, it can be easily be comprehended. The clearest way that I believe love can be explained is, less is more, mea ning that the less your see love as a definition or a tangible object, the more you will realize that it is a feeling from within, an untold language that cannot be heard with ones ears but with ones heart. It would be a lie to say I never once experienced happiness before I met her but it would be true to say I have never felt happiness on this level that I am now. When I was younger, I was not happy, nor was I depressed but some how I found a median between the two. Two irresponsible parents preordained my future. The choices they made affected my life as well as theirs. My mother as well as my father established themselves among friends and families as substances abusers. They became addicted to cocaine and heroine at a young age. They began to lie, cheat, and steal from the people that loved them the most. The longer the stayed substance abusers that larger the craving for heroine and cocaine became and the larger it became the more money the stole. Once I reached the age of five they divorced and shortly after their departure from each other my father held up a corner store to pay for his drug habit and was arrested soon after he committed the crime. He was sent to San Quentin to s erve out his sentence of ten years and I was allowed to visit him once in that time with his parents. All of this was because my parents wanted a better sense of wellness but the wellness they were receiving was a false since of wellness that only created more and more problems, which developed into stress. After becoming addicted to heroine the body craves it more often and what use to be habit turned to a necessity and money becomes more and more scarce as it is spent all

Developments that will Define Business in the 21st Century

THREE TRUE STORIES Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers

THREE TRUE STORIES Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers ESOL 0372 Prof. Leal 11.11.2015 Reading Changed My Life! (BR#4) THREE TRUE STORIES After a lifetime of abuse, Maria Cardenas was finally living in peace with her daughter. But soon, that little girl would be able to read better than her mother. What could Maria do? School was a nightmare for Daisy Russell. She couldnt wait to get away from a place where she felt stupid and worthless. But once she dropped out, she discovered a burning desire to learn to read. Was it too late? As a child, Julia Burney escaped from the poverty and violence of her home into a world of books. As an adult, she saw children growing up without that escape available to them. How could she help? In Reading Changed My Life! Three True Stories, youll learn what happened to Maria, Daisy, and Julia. They are three courageous women whose stories will touch and inspire you. Daisy Russel spent her unfortunate childhood a violent father, a gold seeker. Her family often had to move all over the country looking for the pot of gold. Therefore, between first and sixth grades, Daisy attended seventeen different schools. As a result, it affects a lot on her education. Her father considered girls dont need education and. When Daisy was about a year old, if her mother didnt stop him, he tried to give Daisy away. Daisy was beaten by her father all the time. Furthermore, an uncle had been sexually abusing her. In school, she was too frightened to tell her teachers about anything, she tried to make her self-quitter and quitter. Until one day, her mother took her run way. Daisy was finally free of her father. But the beatings from him had damaged her spirit. School became a nightmare with her. She felt herself stupid and worthless at school. By chance, when she was about 18, a lady gave her a copy of magazine. It took her months to read it. But she tried hard enough and discovered a burning desire to learn to read. It wasnt too late for her. By reading more and more books, she tried to change her life. Until now, she becomes a happy and successful woman. There is a lot of research about the benefits of reading, its not only given us knowledge but also helps us overcome the stress and sleep better. Look at Daisy Russels story, although she spent her childhood with violence and abusing from her father, and her spirit was damaged. But when she starts to read her first book, it helped to comfort her soul, and take away her nightmares. I think the most important thing that changes her life is not only reading, but also is her persistence. She was not good at school but she wasnt giving up. She tried to read even though its not easy. I am so much interested with the story of Maria because she is one of the bravest woman l have ever read about. Her story changed my life instantly when she was raped and was forced to marry the rapist even when she was in such an ugly incident. Despite all this, Maria decided that she has to become someone in life, and she made a great effort to rise above her struggle, and became a successful person.

Art and Fashion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Art and Fashion - Essay Example This is after taking over the title from Spain which was the dominating power of Europe in the 16th century. Spain was Europe’s political and military controller spreading its court’s culture of dressing to Europeans courts. It spread its culture and political way of doing things all over Europe. During this period, powerful nations determined the fashion to be adopted by the nations they dominate.1 Europe and Paris in particular produced decorative, colorful, pretentious and stylish clothes that marked the Baroque era. From this time Paris has never lost its title of the world’s best producer of fashionable and high quality clothes. In the late 18th century, political, economic and cultural desire of Paris came to a standstill due to the French Revolution. The French culture was replaced by England’s simple and unfashionable styles. English tailors occupied some parts in London where they started making men’s wear and women outfit.2 England became the best producers of high quality men’s outfits. Today, fashion design and art is being practiced all over the world. Some of the leading countries in the fashion industry are United States, Italy, china, Japan, UK among others. The Second World War The impact of Second World War had a big influence in many fashion industries in the world. Paris as the world center for haute couture fashion was not in exception. ... Fashion industries in Paris faced hardships due to rationing of non-essential clothes and the occupation of Germans in France.4 Textile industries experienced shortages of fabrics as ordinary materials and dyes were on restriction while expensive materials like silk and lace were totally unavailable. Fashion houses which continued with their operations produced attractive designs of full skirts, hats, high-heeled shoes and marabou coats. The production of extravagant fashions by couture traders in Paris attracted critiques from Americans. Due to resentment, Germans carried out stiff campaigns with intentions to influence women to abandon Paris outfits which were termed as â€Å"whore-led† fashion. Women were advised to wear ascetic clothes that will maintain their dignity and do away with French design.5 Women were against this campaign and they continued to be fashionable with Paris products. These conflicting ideologies during the war marked the difference between the minori ty fashion influential of Paris and the aspiring fashionable group. The majority aspiring group could not afford Paris fashionable cloths due to different reasons. America took this advantage and sold their products to them as they did not face many restrictions and rationing like France. From 1939 to 1945, it was a period full of restrictions, manacles and common sens.6 Paris lost huge revenue from overseas customers as German’s could not allow them to continue with their fabric and fashion trade. These customers started using United States products as they were not involved in the war. After Second World War, Japan was able to access information relating to fashion and design from Europe and United States. This information could not be accessible

Eric Foner A short history of reconstruction Essay

Eric Foner A short history of reconstruction - Essay Example Presidential Reconstruction is a short period of presidency from 1863 to 1866 of both Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson. In an attempt to unify the nation, political activity of the presidents was strongly opposed by the Radical Republicans. Even though Johnson was in favor of anti-slavery politics, he vetoed the punitive legislation against southern planters. Officially he was against slavery and, at the same time, in reality was in favor of rich plantation owners of the South. And, already in 1866 the Radical Republicans gained power and begun Congressional Reconstruction. Having analyzed politics in Washington, D.C., it should be noted that emancipation proclamation as well as anti-slavery laws were not an easy decisions to take, because it was people’s wealth, country’s economy, political power and many others important issues which were put at stake. Furthermore, emancipation did not go smoothly and painlessly. The rich plantation owners were neither ready, nor willing to let their free workforce go. And war, which began, was â€Å"the midwife of revolution† (Foner 2). As the author has noted, the proclamation was just official document in support of the revolutionary movement which had begun much earlier. Despite all the difficulties and controversies, slavery finally ended while Confederacy was defeated. The meaning of the word ‘freedom’ began to gain its new shade for Americans regaining its true position in society purified by Civil War events. Only by the end of 1870s the Reconstruction did provide freed slaves with some rights under the law which had been signed much earlier. Yet, the years of Reconstruction can be considered as a new starting point of new and right democracy, which has been destined to fight its way through until present days. Not only was Reconstruction one of the most

Business Process Analysis and Improvement Essay

Business Process Analysis and Improvement - Essay Example Seethamraju and Marjanovic (920) indicate that among other things increased competition, in shareholder requirements and new technologies are forcing organizations to make major changes very quickly. In TS’s case, customer requirements are driving these changes and BPM is required in order to respond appropriately. The CEO is not pleased with the current process and is concerned that the survival of the business is at stake. The recruitment process needs to be improved in order to make it faster, cheaper and more flexible as well as to achieve better quality results. The task is to investigate the process and analyze the current issues and provide well-argued proposals for the short-term and long-term future of the process. Only the first part of the process will be looked at and so the task is to carry out a detailed analysis of the coordination of the recruitment advertising and vacancy processing process. One of the aims is to ensure that information on job openings are kno wn early so that the process can be completed in an efficient and effective manner. As noted the primary goal of the recruitment process is fast processing time and high client satisfaction. The current recruitment process at TS is rather lengthy and comprehensive. The result is that the private sector gets the best candidate because their process is more efficient and effective. The following are some of the issues at TS which has been having a negative impact on the service that the organization offers. Instructions relating to the recruitment process should be applied on a consistent basis throughout the organization. Exceptions should only relate to jobs for which no specific qualifications are required. Updated instructions should be made available to all personnel to whom it is applicable. This requires updates to be done regularly as part of the continuous improvement process which is a feature of business process improvement.

Leadership in Nursing

Leadership in Nursing Definitions, Theories, and Styles of Leadership in Nursing Developing future nurse leaders is one of the greatest challenges faced by the nursing profession (Mahoney, 2001). Powerful leadership skills are needed by all nurses and especially for those providing direct care to those in top management positions. Anyone who is looked to as an authority (including, for instance, a nurse treating a patient) or who is responsible for giving assistance to others is considered a leader (Curtis, DeVries and Sheerin, 2011). A clinical nursing leader is one who is involved in direct patient care and who continuously improves the care that is afforded to such persons by influencing the treatment provision delivered by others (Cook, 2001). Leadership is not merely a series of skills or tasks; rather, it is an attitude that informs behaviour (Cook, 2001). In addition, good leadership can be seen as demonstrating consistently superior performance; further it delivers long term benefits to all those involved, either in the delivery or receipt of care. Leaders are not merely those who control others; they are visionaries who help employees to plan, lead, control, and organise their activities (Jooste, 2004). Leadership has been defined in many ways within existent academic literature. However, several features are common to most definitions of leadership. For example, leadership is a process, involves influence, usually occurs in a group setting, involves the attainment of a goal, and exists at all levels (Faugier and Woolnough, 2002). In addition, there are several recognised leadership styles. For instance, autocratic leaders set an end goal without allowing others to participate in the decision-making process (Curtis, DeVries and Sheering, 2011), whereas bureaucratic leadership occurs in scenarios where a leader rigidly adheres to rules, regulations, and policies. In contrast, participative leaders allow staff to participate in decision-making and actively seek out the participation of stakeholders within the decision. This type of leadership allows team members to feel more committed to the goals they were involved with formulating (Fradd, 2004). Laissez-faire leadership leaves employees to their own devices in meeting goals, and is a highly risky form of leadership as Faugier and Woolnough (2002) further posit. Finally, a more effective form of leadership than those hitherto mentioned, may be situational leadership. This is where the leader switches between the above styles depending upon the situation at hand and upon the competence of the followers (Faugier and Woolnough, 2002). There is a difference between theory and styles of leadership. According to Moiden (2002), theory represents reality, whereas style of leadership refers to the various ways one can implement a theory of leadership the way in which something is said or done. Organisations should, it follows, aim for a leadership style that allows for high levels of work performance, with few disruptions, and that is applicable in a wide variety of situational circumstances, in an efficient manner (Moiden, 2002). Similarly, there is a difference between management and leadership. Managers plan, organise and control, while leaders communicate vision, motivate, inspire and empower in order to create organisational change (Faugier and Woolnough, 2002). Transactional versus transformational leadership Outhwaite (2003) suggests that transactional leadership involves the skills required in the effective day to day running of a team. However, transformational leadership also involves ensuring that an integrated team works together and may also benefit from the inclusion of innovativeness of approach in work (Outhwaite, 2003). For example, a leader can empower team members by allowing individuals to lead certain aspects of a project based on their areas of expertise. This will, in turn, encourage the development of individual leadership skills, which improve both the individuals skills and their future career prospects. In addition, leaders should explore barriers and identify conflicts when they arise, and then work collaboratively with the members of their team to resolve these (Outhwaite, 2003). Furthermore, the leader should remain a part of the team, sharing in the work, thus remaining close to operations and being able to understand the employees perspective, rather than being a leader who is distanced from the actual work of the team for which he or she is responsible (Outhwaite, 2003). Transactional leadership focuses on providing day-to-day care, while transformational leadership is more focused on the processes that motivate followers to perform to their full potential. Thus, the latter works by influencing change and providing a sense of direction (Cook, 2001). The ability of a leader to articulate a shared vision is an important aspect of transformational leadership, as Faugier and Woolnough (2002) observe. In addition, transactional leadership is most concerned with managing predictability and order, while transformational leaders recognise the importance of challenging the status quo in order to enhance positive possibilities within the project that they are delivering as Faugier and Woolnough, (2002) posit. One group of authors that have described the use of transformational leadership by Magnet hospitals are De Geest et al. (2003). In so doing they discuss how the leadership style deployed within the hospitals allows for faith and respect to be instilled, the treatment of employees as individuals, and innovation in problem solving, along with the transmission of values and ethical principles, and the provision of challenging goals while communicating a vision for the future (De Geest et al., 2003). Transformational leadership is, as they further comment, especially well-suited to todays fast-changing health care environment where adaptation is extremely important, especially with regard to changing technologies and the seemingly ever-increasing expectations of patients. In elucidating further, the authors cite a range of findings that this leadership style is positively associated with higher employee satisfaction and better performance. These, in turn, correlate positively with higher patient satisfaction (De Geest et al., 2003). One way to facilitate change using transformational leadership involves the use of action learning (De Geest et al., 2003). In this approach, leaders use directive, supportive, democratic, and enabling methods to implement and sustain change and the effects of such leadership enable better outcomes for both nurses and patients to be realised. Transformational leadership focuses on the interpersonal processes between leaders and followers and is encouraged by empowerment (Hyett, 2003). Empowered nurses are able not only to believe in their own ability but also to create and adapt to change. When using a team approach to leadership, it is important to set boundaries, goals, accountability, and set in motion structural support for team members (Hyett, 2003). Transformational leadership is thus seen as empowering, but the nurse manager must balance the use of power in a democratic fashion to avoid the appearance of their abusing the power that they have been given (Welford, 2002). Finally, as Hyett (2003) also notes, respect and trust of staff by the leader is essential for transformational leadership to work. Clinical or shared governance Clinical governance is a new way of working in which e National Health Service (NHS) organisations are accountable for continuous quality improvement, safeguarding standards of care, and creating an environment in which clinical excellence can flourish (Moiden, 2002). The requirements of several recent UK government policies require that new forms of leadership that better reflect the diversity of the workforce and the community being developed. Since Scott and Caress (2005) noted this, leadership needs have continued to be strengthened and the need to involve all staff in clinical leadership further developed. Shared governance has been, as Hyett (2003) notes, one method by which this goal has been realised. It has proven to be an effective form of leadership because it empowers all staff and makes them part of decision making processes, thereby additionally allowing staff to work together to develop multi-professional care (Rycroft et al., 2004). Such shared governance has resulted in the increased utilisation of a decentralised style of management in which all team members have responsibility and managers are facilitative, rather than using a hierarchical which, as Scott and Caress (2005) maintain, has led to increased morale and job satisfaction, increased motivation and staff contribution, the encouragement of creativity, and an increased sense of worth amongst NHS employees at all levels. Knowledge, attitudes, and skills of an effective nurse leader In addition to the skills hitherto noted in the opening sections of this assignment, nurse leaders should have knowledge of management, communication, and teamwork skills, as well as a solid understanding of health economics, finance, and evidence-based outcomes (Mahoney, 2001). These core skills should ideally be further enhanced by the possession of a range of key personal qualities. Mahoney (2001) asserts that these are desirable in all nurse leaders and include competence, confidence, courage, collaboration, and creativity. Nurse leaders should also be aware of the changing environment in health care best practice and make changes proactively. Leaders who show concern for the needs and objectives of staff members and are cognisant of the conditions affecting the work environment that also encourage productivity, as Moiden, (2003) notes, which is important as it allows a philosophy of productivity to be established. According to Jooste (2004), the three pillars essential to a foundation of strong leadership are authority, power, and influence. It follows, therefore, that to be an effective leader in todays competitive environment, leaders should use influence more, and authority and power, less. It is more important, as Jooste (2004) further notes, to be able to motivate, persuade, appreciate, and negotiate than to merely wield power and, in advancing this line of argument, the author cites three categories of influence for nurse leaders to use in creating a supportive care environment. These include: modelling by example, building caring relationships, and mentoring by instruction (Jooste, 2004). Such skills should also, according to De Geest et al. (2003), be combined with the utilisation of five specific practices that are fundamental to good leadership: g inspiring a shared vision, enabling others to act, challenging processes, modelling, and encouraging. For example, a leader may challenge others to act by recognising contributions and by fostering collaboration. Such techniques are important because recognising contributions also serves to encourage employees in their work whilst team leadership moves the focus away from the leader towards the team as a whole (Mahoney, 2001). Applications to practice settings Hyett (2003) describes several barriers to health visitors taking on a leadership role and observes that visitors usually work in a self-led environment, which causes problems because there may be no mechanism for self-control or decision-making at the point of service, thus stifling innovation. In addition, if nurses who do try to initiate change are not supported, they lose confidence and assertiveness and may feel disempowered and unable to support one another, which will lead to declining standards of motivation and may negatively impact upon patient care (Fradd, 2004). Management often focuses on the volume of services provided, leading to loss of self-esteem and a rise in dependence; this, as Hyett (2003) recognises, may cause workers to become disruptive, or to leave the organisation, which culminates in organisational upheaval. Further, when staff leave as a result of feeling disempowered, replacements need to be found and trained which involves not only additional recruitment costs but training as new people are introduced into the culture of the organisation. In addition to the comments made by Hyett, focus group data from a study of implementing change in a nursing home suggests that nurses want a leader with drive, enthusiasm, and credibility to lead them and to inspire them, for they do not merely want a leader who has superiority (Rycroft-Malone et al., 2004). Further, focus group members identified the qualities desired in a leader who is attempting to facilitate change. This person should have knowledge of the collaborative project, have status with the team, be able to manage others, take a positive approach to management, and possess good management skills (Rycroft-Malone et al., 2004). Applications to the wider health and social context Nursing leaders function at all levels of nursing from the ward through to top nursing management. Over time, the function of leadership has changed from one of authority and power to one of being powerful without being overpowering (Jooste, 2004). Boundaries between upper, middle, and lower level leaders are becoming increasingly blurred, and responsibilities are becoming less static and more flexible in nature. In other words, there is a trend toward decentralisation of responsibility and authority from upper to lower levels of health care delivery (Jooste, 2004). An ongoing programme of political leadership at the Royal College of Nursing describes a multi-step model for political influence (Large et al., 2005). Some of the steps include: identifying the issue to be changed, turning the issue into a proposal for change, finding and speaking with supporters and stakeholders to develop a collective voice, pinpointing desired policy change outcomes, and constructing effective messages to optimise communication (Large et al., 2005). These can be all be viewed as important for through learning them the nurse leader can adopt to the organisational expectations of the twenty-first century NHS. Education for leadership In order for nursing practice to improve, an investment must be made in educating nurses to be effective leaders (Cook, 2001). Cook contends that leadership should be introduced in initial nursing preparation curricula, and mentoring should be available for aspiring nurse leaders not only during their formal training but throughout their careers (2001). The importance of this enlarged approach can be seen, for example, in the use of evidence-based practice which requires nurses to be able to evaluate evidence and formulate solutions based upon the best available evidence (Cook, 2001). In order for these things to occur, it is important that nurses have educational preparation for leadership during training to prepare them to have a greater understanding and enhanced control of events that may occur during work situations (Moiden, 2002). This can be seen as a step towards the greater professionalisation of the nursing profession a movement that has also increasingly seen nurses gaining formal academic qualifications over the previous ten years. Indeed, such is the embracing of professional accreditation that the NHS has adopted the Leading an Empowered Organisation (LEO) project in order to encourage the use of transformational leadership (Moiden, 2002). By doing so, the NHS hopes to ensure that professionals may empower themselves and others through responsibility, authority, and accountability. The programme also aims to help professionals develop autonomy, take risks, solve problems, and articulate responsibility (Moiden, 2002). Strategies such as the Leading and Empowered Organisation (LEO) programme and the RCN Clinical Leaders Programme are designed to produce future leaders in nursing who are aware of the benefits of transformational leadership (Faugier andWoolnough, 2002). This is therefore not only a programme that is relevant to todays NHS but is also one that is preparing the nursing leaders of tomorrow. Challenges and opportunities to stimulate change The health care environment is constantly changing and producing new challenges that the nurse leader must work within (Jooste, 2004). Leadership involves enabling people to produce extraordinary things whilst simultaneously performing their daily duties and adapting to challenge and change (Jooste, 2004). While management in the past took a direct, hierarchical approach to leadership, the time has come for a better leadership style that includes encouragement, listening, and facilitating (Hyett, 2003). Hyett (2003, p. 231) cites Yoder-Wise (1999) as defining leadership as the ability to create new systems and methods to accomplish a desired vision. Today, the belief is that anyone can be a leader and thus leadership is a learnable set of skills and practices (Hyett, 2003). All nurses must display leadership skills such as adaptability, self-confidence, and judgment in the provision of health care (Hyett, 2003). Indeed, the expectation of both higher professionals and the general public receiving care is that nurses lead care, and that they are able to move seamlessly between roles of leading and following, depending upon the individual scenario faced (Hyett, 2003). Empowering patients to participate in the decision-making process Only when health care services are well-led will they be well-organised in meeting the needs of patients (Fradd, 2004). Nurses have considerable influence on the health care experience enjoyed by individual patients, especially as patient involvement in care is most often nurse-led (Fradd, 2004). Today, patients are more aware of their own health care needs and better informed about treatments and practice; it is also imperative that patients are able to enunciate their own health care needs and contribute to discussions relating to their treatment options. Such enhanced levels of health care communication require nurses to be better equipped with analytical and assertiveness skills, especially if they need to fight the patients corner against the opinion of an individual doctor who may place his own opinions above those of the patient (Outhwaite, 2003). Transformational leadership is ideal for todays nursing practice as it seeks to satisfy needs, and involves both the leader and the follower in meeting needs (Welford, 2002). It is also flexible and this allows the leader to adapt in varied situations. It is logical, therefore, that if the leader accepts that things will change often, followers will enjoy this flexibility. As a result, both nurses and patients benefit because the avoidance of hierarchical structures and the embracing of new ways in which to work help organisations to put resources together to create added value for both employees and consumers (Mahoney, 2001). Into this health care mix, transformational leadership is pivotal, for it allows team nurses to enhance their role as both teachers and advocates (Welford, 2002). References Cook, M. (2001). The renaissance of clinical leadership. International Nursing Review, 48: pp. 38-46. Curtis, E. A., de Vries, J. and Sheerin, F. K. (2011). Developing leadership in nursing: exploring core factors. British Journal of Nursing, 20(5), pp. 306-309. De Geest, S., Claessens, P., Longerich, H. and Schubert, M. (2003). Transformational leadership: Worthwhile the investment! European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 2: pp. 3-5. Faugier, J. and Woolnough, H. (2002). National nursing leadership programme. Mental Health Practice, 6(3): pp. 28-34. Fradd, L. (2004). Political leadership in action. Journal of Nursing Management, 12: pp. 242-245. Hyett, E. (2003). What blocks health visitors from taking on a leadership role? Journal of Nursing Management, 11: pp. 229-233. Jooste, K. (2004). Leadership: A new perspective. Journal of Nursing Management, 12: pp. 217-223. Large, S., Macleod, A., Cunningham, G. and Kitson, A. (2005). A multiple-case study evaluation of the RCN Clinical Leadership Programme in England. London: Royal College of Nursing. Mahoney, J. (2001). Leadership skills for the 21st century. Journal of Nursing Management, 9: pp. 269-271. Moiden, M. (2002). Evolution of leadership in nursing. Nursing Management, 9: pp. 20-25. Moiden, M. (2003). A framework for leadership. Nursing Management, 13: pp. 19-23. Outhwaite, S. (2003). The importance of leadership in the development of an integrated team. Journal of Nursing Management, 11: pp. 371-376. Rycroft-Malone, J., Harvey, G., Seers, K., Kitson, A., MCormack, B, and Titchen, A. (2004). An exploration of the factors that influence the implementation of evidence into practice. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 13: pp. 913-924. Scott, L. and Caress, A-L. (2005). Shared governance and shared leadership: Meeting the challenges of implementation. Journal of Nursing Management, 13: pp. 4-12.

Apush Chapter 6 Outline Notes Essay

I. The Urban Frontier By 1890, New York, Chicago, and Philadelphia all had a population greater than 1 million. Louis Sullivan contributed to the development of the skyscraper. City limits were extended outward by electric trolleys. People were attracted to the cities by amenities such as electricity, indoor plumbing, and telephones. Trash became a large problem in cities due to throwaway bottles, boxes, bags, and cans. II. The New Immigration The New Immigrants of the 1880s came from southern and eastern Europe. They came from countries with little history of democratic government, where people had grown accustomed to harsh living conditions. Some Americans feared that the New Immigrants would not assimilate to life in their new land. They began asking if the nation had become a melting pot or a dumping ground. III. Southern Europe Uprooted Immigrants left their native countries because Europe had no room for them. The population of Europe nearly doubled in the century after 1800 due to abundant supplies of fish and grain from America and the widespread cultivation of Europe. â€Å"America fever† caught on in Europe as the United States was portrayed as a land of great opportunities. Persecutions of minorities in Europe sent many fleeing immigrants to the United States. Many immigrants never intended to stay in America forever; a large number returned home with money. Those immigrants who stayed in the United States struggled to preserve their traditional culture. IV. Reactions to the New Immigration The federal government did virtually nothing to ease the assimilation of immigrants into American society. Trading jobs and services for votes, a powerful boss might claim the loyalty of thousands of followers. In return for their support at the polls, the boss provided jobs on the city’s payroll, found housing for new arrivals, and helped get schools, parks, and hospitals built in immigrant neighborhoods. The nation’s social conscience gradually awakened to the troubles of cities. Walter Rauschenbusch and Washington Gladden were Protestant clergymen who sought to apply the lessons of Christianity to the slums and factories. Jane Addams established Hull House, the most prominent American settlement house. Addams condemned war as well as poverty. Hull House offered instruction in English, counseling to help immigrants deal with American big-city life, childcare services for working mothers, and cultural activities for neighborhood residents. Lillian Wald established Henry Street Settlement in New York in 1893. The settlement houses became centers of women’s activism and of social reform. Florence Kelley was a lifelong battler for the welfare of women, children, blacks, and consumers. The pioneering work of Addams, Wald, and Kelley helped to create the trail that many women later followed into careers in the new profession of social work. The urban frontier opened new possibilities for women. The vast majority of working women were single due to the fact that society considered employment for wives and mothers taboo. V. Narrowing the Welcome Mat Ant foreignism, or nativism, arose in the 1880s with intensity. Nativists worried that the original Anglo-Saxon population would soon be outnumbered and outvoted. Nativists considered eastern and southern European immigrants inferior to themselves. They blamed the immigrants for the dreadful conditions of urban government, and unionists attacked the immigrants for their willingness to work for small wages. Among the antiforeigner organizations formed was the American Protective Association (APA). Created in 1887, it urged to vote against Roman Catholic candidates for office. Organized labor was quick to show its negative attitude towards immigrants. Immigrants were frequently used as strike-breakers. In 1882, Congress passed the first restrictive law against immigrants. It forced paupers, criminals, and convicts back to their home countries. In 1885, Congress prohibited the importation of foreign workers under contract-usually for substandard wages. Federal laws were later enacted that were made to keep the undesirables out of America. In 1882, Congress barred the Chinese completely from immigrating to the United States (Chinese Exclusion Act). VI. Churches Confront the Urban Challenge Protestant churches suffered significantly from the population move to the cities, where many of their traditional doctrines and pastoral approaches seemed irrelevant. A new generation of urban revivalists stepped into this spreading moral vacuum. Dwight Lyman Moody, a Protestant evangelist, proclaimed a gospel of kindness and forgiveness. He contributed to adapting the old-time religion to the facts of city life. The Moody Bible Institute was founded in Chicago in 1889 to carry out his work. Roman Catholic and Jewish faiths were gaining enormous strength from the New Immigration. By 1890, there were over 150 religious denominations in the United States. The Church of Christ, Scientist was founded in 1879 by Mary Baker Eddy who preached that the true practice of Christianity heals sickness. VII. Darwin Disrupts the Churches Published in 1859 by Charles Darwin, On the Origin of the Species stated that humans had slowly evolved from lower forms of life. The theory of evolution cast serious doubt on the idea of religion. Conservatives stood firmly in their beliefs of God and religion, while Modernists flatly refused to accept the Bible in its entirety. VIII. The Lust for Learning During this time period, public education and the idea of tax-supported elementary schools and high schools were gathering strength. Teacher-training schools, called â€Å"normal schools†, experienced great expansion after the Civil War. The New Immigration in the 1880s and 1890s brought new strength to the private Catholic parochial schools, which were fast becoming a major part of the nation’s educational structure. Public schools excluded millions of adults. Crowded cities generally provided better educational facilities than the old one-room rural schoolhouses. IX. Booker T. Washington and Education for Black People The South lagged far behind other regions in public education, and African-Americans suffered the most. The leading champion of black education was ex-slave Booker T. Washington. He taught in 1881 at the black normal and industrial school at Tuskegee, Alabama. His self-help approach to solving the nation’s racial problems was labeled â€Å"accommodationist† because it stopped short of directly challenging white supremacy. Washington avoided the issue of social equality. George Washington Carver taught and researched at Tuskegee Institute in 1896. He became an internationally famous agricultural chemist. Black leaders, including Dr. W.E.B. Du Bois, attacked Booker T. Washington because Washington condemned the black race to manual labor and perpetual inferiority. Du Bois helped to form the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1910. X. The Hallowed Halls of Ivy Female and black colleges shot up after the Civil War. The Morrill Act of 1862, passed after the Southern states had seceded, provided a generous grant of the public lands to the states for support of education. The Hatch Act of 1887 extended the Morrill Act and provided federal funds for the establishment of agricultural experiment stations in connection with the land-grant colleges. Millionaires and tycoons donated generously to the educational system. Johns Hopkins University, founded in 1876, maintained the nation’s first high-grade graduate school. XI. The March of the Mind Due to new scientific gains, public health increased. William James made a large impact in psychology through his numerous writings. XII. The Appeal of the Press The Library of Congress was founded in 1897 from the donations of Andrew Carnegie. The invention of the Linotype in 1885 increased the production of texts. Joseph Pulitzer was a leader in the techniques of sensationalism in St. Louis. William Randolph Hearst built up a chain of newspapers beginning with the San Francisco Examiner in 1887. The Associated Press, founded in the 1840s, was gaining strength and wealth. XIII. Apostles of Reform Magazines partially satisfied the public appetite for good reading. Possibly the most influential journal of all was the New York Nation. Started in 1865 by Edwin L. Godkin, it crusaded militantly for civil-service reform, honesty in government, and a moderate tariff. Henry George, another journalistic author, wrote the book Progress and Poverty in 1879, which attempted to solve the association of progress with poverty. According to George, the pressure of growing population on a fixed supply of land unjustifiably pushed up property values, showering unearned profits on owners of land. He supported a single tax. Edward Bellamy wrote the socialistic novel, Looking Backward, in which the year 2000 contained nationalized big business to serve the public interest. XIV. Postwar Writing As literacy increased, so did book reading. â€Å"Dime novels† were short books that usually told of the wilds of the West. General Lewis Wallace wrote the novel, Ben Hur: A Tale of the Christ, to combat Darwinism. Horatio Alger was a Puritan-driven New Englander who wrote more than 100 volumes of juvenile fiction involving New York newsboys in 1866. XV. Literary Landmarks In novel writing, the romantic sentiment of a youthful era was giving way to the crude human comedy and drama of the world. In 1899, feminist Kate Chopin wrote about adultery, suicide, and women’s ambitions in The Awakening. Mark Twain was a journalist, humorist, satirist, and opponent of social injustice. He recaptured the limits of realism and humor in the authentic American dialect. Bret Harte was also an author of the West, writing in California of gold-rush stories. William Dean Howells became the editor in chief of the prestigious Boston-based Atlantic Monthly. He wrote about ordinary people and about contemporary, and sometimes controversial, social themes. Stephen Crane wrote about the unpleasant underside of life in urban, industrial America. Henry James wrote of the confrontation of innocent Americans with subtle Europeans. His novels frequently included women as the central characters, exploring their inner reactions to complex situations with a skill that marked him as a master of psychological realism. By 1900, portrayals of modern-day life and social problems were the literary order of the day. Jack London was a famous nature writer who turned to depicting a possible fascistic revolution in The Iron Heel. Black writer Paul Laurence Dunbar embraced the use of black dialect and folklore to capture the richness of southern black culture. Theodore Dreiser wrote with disregard for prevailing moral standards. XVI. The New Morality Victoria Woodhull wrote the periodical, Woodhull and Clafin’s Weekly in 1872, which proclaimed her belief in free love. Anthony Comstock made a life-long war on the immoral. The Comstock Law censored â€Å"immoral† material from the public. XVII. Families and Women in the City Urban life launched the era of divorce. People in the cities were having fewer children because more children would mean more mouths to feed. Women were growing more independent in the urban environment. Feminist Charlotte Perkins Gilman called upon women to abandon their dependent status and contribute to the larger life of the community through productive involvement in the economy. XVIII. In 1890, the National American Woman Suffrage Association was founded. The re-born suffrage movement and other women’s organization excluded black women. Ida B. Wells helped to launch the black women’s club movement, which led to the establishment of the National Association of Colored Women in 1896. XIX. Prohibition of Alcohol and Social Progress Liquor consumption had increased in the days of the Civil War and had continued to flourish afterwards. The National Prohibition Party was formed in 1869. The Woman’s Christian Temperance Union was formed in 1874 by militant women. The Anti-Saloon League was sweeping new states into prohibiting alcohol, and in 1919, the national prohibition amendment (18th) was passed. XX. Artistic Triumphs Music and portrait painting was gaining popularity. The phonograph, invented by Thomas Edison, enabled the reproduction of music by mechanical means. XXI. The Business of Amusement The circus, arising to American demand for fun, emerged in the 1880s. Baseball was also emerging as the national pastime, and in the 1870s a professional league was formed. The move to spectator sports was exemplified by football. Basketball was invented in 1891 by James Naismith.

Managing Political Risks Essay

A firm must be able to manage the different kinds of political risks that it may have to face by investing in a particular country. Firm-specific risks are defined as risks that affect the multinational enterprise at the corporate and/or project level. The most consequential firm-specific risk is referred to as the â€Å"governance risk,† which entails that there may be a conflict of goals between the multinational enterprise and the host government (Frenkel, Karmann, and Scholtens 5). Volatility of foreign exchange rates is another example of a firm-specific risk (Frenkel, Karmann, and Scholtens). Country-specific risks must also be managed. These risks affect the multinational enterprise at the corporate and/or project level, too. However, the difference between firm-specific and country-specific risks is that the latter originate at the level of the country. Institutional and/or cultural risks in addition to â€Å"transfer risks† are examples of country-specific risks (Frenkel, Karmann, and Scholtens 6). While the latter involves the issue of â€Å"blocked funds,† the former involves problems such as corruption in the country where the multinational enterprise intends to invest its funds (Frenkel, Karmann, and Scholtens 6). Lastly, the multinational enterprise must seek to manage its global-specific risks. These risks affect the enterprise at the corporate and/or project level but originate at the level of the entire globe. Poverty and terrorism are examples of global-specific risks (Frenkel, Karmann, and Scholtens). Indeed, it is possible for the multinational enterprise to manage the three types of political risks. There are three principles methods of political risk management: â€Å"limiting, diversifying, and hedging (Frenkel, Karmann, and Scholtens 20). † The first method refers to the investor’s effort to limit the exposure to the political risk by â€Å"putting a cap on the exposure vis-a-vis a particular country, often as a percentage of overall exposure or own funds (Frenkel, Karmann, and Scholtens 20). † Netting is involved in this procedure, as the investor must calculate the net exposure before â€Å"trying to derive a smaller overall position (Frenkel, Karmann, and Scholtens 20). † Following this political risk management procedure, a parent company may decide to limit the amount of funds that it transfers to its subsidiary that directly faces a particular type of political risk (Frenkel, Karmann, and Scholtens). Diversification is another useful method of managing political risks. A multinational enterprise, when faced with political risks, may decide to spread the exposure among various countries that are not perfectly correlated. If the enterprise is faced with corruption in the countries of two of its subsidiaries, it may choose two more countries where corruption is not a political risk. As a matter of fact, this method of managing political risks tends to be the easiest and therefore most commonly used (Frenkel, Karmann, and Scholtens). Hedging is yet another way to manage political risks, but is typically understood to be possible only with investment and/or export insurance. As an example, the multinational enterprise may obtain such insurance from the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency of the World Bank. The insurance may provide covers against civil disturbance, war, expropriation, in addition to currency transfers. National insurance companies – run by the government – may similarly be approached by the investor to obtain cover for risks that arise from non-payment (Frenkel, Karmann, and Scholtens). Regardless of the kinds of political risks facing the investor, therefore, it is possible to invest by managing the risks after choosing one or more methods of political risk management. Works Cited Frenkel, Michael, Alexander Karmann, and Bert Scholtens (eds. ). Sovereign Risk and Financial Crises. New York: Springer-Verlag, 2004.

Anaximander Essays - Ancient Greek Philosophers, Natural Philosophy

Anaximander Essays - Ancient Greek Philosophers, Natural Philosophy Anaximander Anaximander About 530 AD the Neoplatonist Simplicius wrote an extensive commentary on Aristotle's Physics. In it he reproduced the Anaximander fragment, thus preserving it for the western world. He copied it from Theophrastus. From the time Anaximander pronounced his sayingwe do not know where or when or to whomto the moment Simplicius jotted it down in his commentary more than a millennium elapsed. Between the time of Simplicius' jotting and the present moment lies another millennium-and-a-half. Can the Anaximander fragment, from a historical and chronological distance of two thousand five hundred years, still say something to us? (Heidegger 16) Anaximander, it is widely believed, was responsible for constructing one of philosophy's first complete sentences and, coincidentally, one of the early world's most profound thoughts. The man was reportedly born, the son of Praxiades, in the seaport of Miletus in 610 B.C. He spent his life philosophizing on the Greek island of Samos until his death in 547 BC. Beyond this, little else is known about his life, except that he was a pupil of the forerunning philosopher Thales. The vast majority of Anaximader's thoughts were lost long ago; in fact, all that remains is a single fragment to tell us of his theories and thought processes. However, the fragment that remains is vast in scope and of incredible magnitude. This remaining utterance, which deals with the essence and substance of being, the origin of life, and life's cycle to death, all but forces one to believe that, with Anaximander's life, there was a marked turn in the course of human existence. A distinction was made that separated humans, most remarkably, from the other inhabitants of Earth. The fragment marked the end of exclusively introvertial human thought. This is to say that man was able to cease his focus on simple survival, and begin wondering about the universe, about how things come into being and the grand cycle of life and man's place in that cycle. Of all the people who have pondered these questions, Anaximander's answers are surely among the most boundless, and therefore the most thought provoking themselves. His is a theory of everything great from something vast but simple, of a great unlimited infinite and the tremendous flux of this said infinite, which he called the Apeiron. To better understand this theory, we must analyse the fragment, both literally and figuratively, and try and see if we may discover something about which we ourselves may philosophize; we must try and see whether the words of Anaximander still say something to us. The Fragment, as translated by Nietzsche, reads as such: Whence things have their origin, there they must also pass away according to necessity; for they must pay penalty and be judged for their injustice, according to the ordinance of time. (Heidegger 13) Most literally translated by the German Martin Heidegger, the same fragment is presented as follows: But that from which things arise also gives rise to their passing away, according to what is necessary; for things render justice and pay penalty to one another for their injustice, according to the ordinance of time. (Heidegger's Greek) As we can see, the two are nearly indistinguishable. However, for the purposes of this paper, we will be examining Heidegger's translation; the reason for this distinction is so that we may circumvent any ambiguity and see clearly Anaximander's main points. Clearly, this passage tells of the growth and decay of all things in the universe. Not only that however; Anaximander's terms justice, penalty, and retribution seem to show that he was also concerned with natural laws; he is trying to tell why things flower and fall. It seems to this writer as though Anaximander is attempting, in a way new to humans at the time the fragment was written, to apply the strict rules of sciences to natural systems. He is denying any and all demarcation between the lines of thought and disciplines! It is most definitely fascinating that the man could think so broadly on one topic, and show the continuity among all aspects of human life and knowledge. Let us now look upon the mention of time in the fragment. Anaximander here is very poetic; personifying time, giving it character. He tells us that time has firmly established laws to deal with the processes of everything.

An Essay for No Reason

An Essay for No Reason An Essay for No Reason Money Matters Name: Class: Due Date: $ Money Matters Assignment $ Main Objective: By the end of this assignment I will be able to understand how economic decisions impact on people, communities and nations. How can I achieve my objective: 1. By identifying and describing economic decisions. 2. By identifying and describing the impact of economic decisions 3. By developing an understanding about the consequences of trade for producers and consumers. Context- The fashion industry Where do my clothes come from? * You are to choose 1 item from your favourite outfit and investigate its supply chain. The Supply Chain means starting with unprocessed raw materials and ending with the final customer using the finished goods, the supply chain links all producers, companies, manufacturers and customers together. * Work through this booklet and collect information to answer the main questions at the top of the pages. * All answers have to be in your own words. You will be able to achieve your objective! How to gather information * This will be an interesting assignment but it will be one that needs you to seek out relevant information. It won’t be there for you to pick up easily and so you will need to modify your searches and perhaps get in contact with companies! * Go to the library and look for general books on fashion. * Keep a look out for articles in magazines and in newspapers * Key websites: * Wikipedia gives a great overview of the company from where your garment was purchased. From there you can get further details. Do they have other companies? If they do you can search them? * You could then search the company itself- you are looking for its headquarters and if possible where there other production places are. * On the company page- they normally have a contact us or an about us section. This can be useful. * You tube might also have clips for you. Other suggestions – knowmore.org/ bbc.co.uk/thread/ bbc.co.uk/northernireland/forteachers/ethical_fashion/citizenship/what_is_ethical_fashion.shtml justgroup.com.au/asp/ethical.asp - This is the just jeans company supre.com.au/Help-FAQ.aspx How to present the information * You can use this booklet, create a power point or use a google site. * I want you to use illustrations, maps, opinions of people involved in the industry etc Discovery Box One: Insert a picture of your garments. Where did you purchase your garments and how much were they? * Discovery Box 2:- Details about the company that made your garments (location,employees and how much they get paid,where production takes place, any issues that have happened or if they have a policy on their clothing manufacture) * Discovery Box 3:- Details about the labels in your garments. What is the product made of and where is it manufactured? * Discovery Box 4:- Details about the country that has made your garments. What are the laws regarding employment there? What is the minimum wage in that country? Have there been any employment issues there? * Discovery Box 5:- How important is fashion to us? * Discovery Box 6:- Ethical fashion- what is

Blue ocean strategy report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Blue ocean strategy report - Essay Example The book Blue Ocean Strategy urges the readers to revisit their basic strategy in trying to run a successful business and acquire a favourable profit while competing with similar companies/ businesses in the market who are offering the same products or services to a limited pool of clients. Ever since people have started doing business, they have been engaged in competition with other companies and have fought over market share and sustained profitable growth. This book deals with two separate market spaces, which are referred to as the â€Å"Red Ocean† and the â€Å"Blue Ocean† respectively. The Red ocean is comprised of all recognized industries also called ‘the known market’ (Kim & Mauborgne, 2015). This market has industry boundaries that are properly defined and rules of competition that is clearly understood. Here, the companies try to outdo their competition in a bid to capture a bigger share of the available market. However, with an increasing number of companies opening up, the market space starts to become saturated and the margins of profit and growth are diminished. This creates a tensed and complex competition in the market (Kim & Mauborgne, 2015). On the other hand the blue ocean represents an unexplored market place; it comprises of those industries that do not exist presently and an unknown market space is present where the competition ceases to exist. The blue oceans offer greater prospects of growth and profit of the company as it simply makes the competition irrelevant. There are no hard and fast rules of competition in this market place due to an absence of competitors. This market opens up new avenues for businessmen to explore where the profit, the market, and the clients are shared with little or no competition (Kim & Mauborgne, 2015). The Blue Ocean Strategy has been applied in the real world with great success; a few examples are Southwest Airlines as it became the world’s first low cost

Human Resource Management Issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Human Resource Management Issues - Essay Example When the management structure will be revamped and there will be supportive and conducive work environment for the employees, the motivation level of staff will be enhanced and they will be reluctant to leave the organization. Hence, by altering the management structure, an organization will definitely be able to address this HR issue and ensure that it has a productive and highly effective workforce. One of the major problems that are faced by an organization is high employee turnover and it has been found by Guest (2011) that the key factor that causes increase in this turnover rate is lack of proper management. When there are insufficient or improper mechanisms for talent or employee management, there is a huge possibility that the employees start leaving the organization on voluntary basis. Most of the employees are willing to switch to other jobs because they have lack of clarity about the organization’s purpose and the business tends to possess various unstable elements. The Human Resource (HR) department has to ensure that everything in the organization is organized and disciplined so that the employees have awareness about their tasks, policies that need to be followed and actions that will be taken in case of non-compliance (Berman et al., 2009). It has been found that the organizations that have high level of inefficiency or instability have high turnover rate. Although the organizations are unaware of the real problem that causes increase in turnover rate; it is important for them to keep an eye on the turnover rate as it might be an indication of some problem in the company that might need to be immediately addressed. Proper management means that the employees should be given the leverage of enhancing their skills and they should be given space to prove their expertise in the field; the goals of each employee have to be aligned with the

B300 Assignment 6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

B300 Assignment 6 - Essay Example As organizations enter into different regions for their business needs they have to follow policies of the region. Regional peculiarities cannot be ignored in favor of centralized policy of the government. The phrase 'think globally and act locally' points to the same idea that organizations have to adapt their business policies according to the region where they have decided to go into operation. Middle East traditionally includes countries or regions in Southwest Asia and parts of North Africa. Persian Gulf is considered as the main centre the area around which is generally referred as Middle East. Bahrain, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, Yemen, and Palestinian Territories are collectively known as Middle East. Multiculturalism is one important aspect of the emerging Middle East and Dubai in particular. For example, all kind of eateries and restaurants Italian, Chinese etc. can be found. Indians, Filipinos, Pakistanis, People from Arab countries and people from Western countries comprise the workforce in Dubai whether it is white collar or blue collar job. The new cultural wave of tolerance allows foreigners to spend wee hours of the night in a pub while at the same time call for five times prayers also fill the air of Dubai. Apart from Dubai, Middle East destinations like Egypt, Jordan, Israel, Morocco and Tunisia have always been known for tourist attractions. Middle East has emerged as one the fastest developing economies. Their move towards success would not have been possible if the states had not joined the global business environment and participated in economic activities. The fabric of the society is also changing as these countries are evolving in different areas of economy, culture, science and technology. Yet there are many cultural differences and nuances that managers must know when dealing internationally in this region. The region can be an attractive business venture considering the market available. Regional Factors Following important factors may need management consideration for conducting business in a particular region: Managing Politics: Political systems as well as government supervisions and regulations change when companies choose to operate in a certain region. Sometimes government officials and the general public and political activists view foreign companies as outsiders and are suspicious of their impact on economy as well as politics. This may be specifically true in certain Muslim Middle Eastern countries where mostly democracy is not in place and rules may be bent to please the government of the time. Companies have to be ware of government takeovers of property and acts of violence directed against the firm. The examples of such acts can be seen in Anti-American protests on famous American businesses. Since, such acts are not uncommon in Arab and Muslim world; companies must formulate special plans and programs against unexpected losses. Political instability, at times civil disorders and frequent changes of government are some of the common political phenomenon in the region. Political instab

The company’s efforts Essay Example for Free

The company’s efforts Essay Explain some of the company’s efforts to localize its offerings and describe how Successful these efforts were. What could have been done differently? Think local, Act local. Think local, Act local. This is company’s efforts to localize its offerings. Global business philosophy changes 3A to 3P principle, 3A is Availability, Affordability, Acceptability. It meaning is to make customers buy get, affordable, willing to buy. 3P is Pervasiveness, Price to value, Preference. (2) Held Activities Coca cola localized their products is based on countries’ culture such as Malaysia is Coke EURO 2012 â€Å"Buka Coca-Cola, Buka Semangat Bola† contest. And McDonalds introduced about the World Cup drinking cup in the 2012 World Cup. Besides, Coca cola localized in China through the Chinese design in Beijing Olympics. Beijing Olympic Games torch bearer selection, Coca Cola to provide 18 places. As a global partner of Beijing Olympic Torch Relay , Coca-Cola ( China ) Beverages Ltd. officially announced : [ Coca-Cola ] Olympic torchbearer selection Shanghai area started , the selection of the theme Who lit the flame of my heart to the public 18 torchbearers places the Olympic spirit and the journey of Harmony theme brought to every corner of Shanghai . (3) Indication marks The other belongs to the Coca-Cola company brand drinks of all the packaging and advertising, it is the emblem and the Coca-Cola company honor cooperation. For example, Sprite, Fanta .The words, this is actually in the ascension and strengthening Coca-Cola brand. In addition, with the local brand beverage friendly cooperative relations, as well as local brand beverage special affinity, Coca-Cola has a better relationship. (4) Advertisement Through the advertisement implants, also can improve the local people accept rate, and local phase fusion, increase sales. For example, the bottle of packaging is the local custom picture. In the development of any drinks can use original brand sales channels, like this is advantageous to quickly open the market, but also can greatly reduce the cost. Coke, Sprite, fanta and so on three brand sales ratio roughly 2:2:1, development basic equilibrium. From several brand reputation, reputation to market sales, show integral consistent, distinct features, taste and can achieve complementary. According to the characteristics of the Chinese market, the Coca-Cola company expanding their drinks varieties, from oolong tea to the new age style of fruit punch, high heat energy drinks, and even to the most ancient drinking water. So which is more in line with the tastes of the locals , and make it easier for everyone to accept. localize its offerings after, Products with the local people more close contact, from popularity and good reputation degree, market sales, can have very big promotion.

Thomas Batemans Ten Years Diggings :: Anglo Saxon Essays

Thomas Bateman's Ten Years' Diggings Benty Grange, Derbyshire, 1848 May 3rd,- It was our good fortune to open a barrow which afforded a more instructive collection of relics than has ever been discovered in the county, and which surpasses in interest and remains hitherto recovered from any Anglo-Saxon burying place in the kingdom. The barrow, which is on a farm called Benty Grange, a high and bleak situation to the right of the road from Ashbourne to Buxton, near the eighth milestone from the latter place, is of inconsiderable elevation, perhaps not more than two feet at the highest point, but is spread over a pretty large area, and is surrounded by a small fosse or trench. About the centre and upon the natural soil, had been laid the only body the barrow ever contained, of which not a vestige besides the hair could be distinguished. Near the place which, from the presence of hair, was judged to have been the situation of the head, was a curious assemblage of ornaments, which, from the peculiarly indurated nature of the earth, it was impossible to remove with any degree of success. The most remarkable are the silver edging and ornaments of a leathern cup, about three inches diameter at the mouth, which was decorated by four wheel shaped ornaments and two crosses of thin silver, affixed by pins of the same met al, clenched inside. The other articles found in the same situation consists of personal ornaments, the chief of which are two circular enamels upon copper 1 3/4 diameter, in narrow silver frames, and a third, which was so far decomposed as to be irrecoverable; they are enamelled with a yellow interlaced dracontine pattern, intermingled with that peculiar scroll design, visible on the same class of ornaments that figured in Vestiges p.25, and used in several manuscripts of the VIIth Century, for the purpose of decorating the initial letters. The principle of this design consists of three spiral lines springing from a common centre, and each involution forming an additional centre for an extension of the pattern, which may be adapted to fill spaces of almost any form.